RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Hormonal suppressive therapy is not effective for endometriosis-associated subfertility and can even prevent conception. Medical inhibition of TNFalpha, which has been shown to improve conception, is effective in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis in baboons. DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled fertility trial. SETTING: Animal research and laboratory facility. ANIMAL(S): Sixteen adult female baboons with induced endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S): All animals received a single IV dose of the anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody c5N (n = 9) or placebo (n = 7) at four different time points. The animals were then exposed to timed mating up to nine completed cycles or until pregnancy was achieved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rate (PR), cycle fecundity rate (CFR), time to pregnancy (TTP), and cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR). RESULT(S): Inhibition of TNFalpha did not result in a significant improvement in PR (100% c5N vs. 86% placebo), CFR (18% c5N vs. 30% placebo), median TTP (5 cycles c5N vs. 2 cycles placebo), or CPR (100% c5N vs. 80% placebo). The duration of the menstrual cycle was unchanged in both groups before and after the study. Two nonpregnant baboons in the c5N-group died during the study. CONCLUSION(S): Medical inhibition of TNFalpha allowed for normal conception but did not improve fecundity in baboons with induced endometriosis when compared with placebo. Larger studies with clinically available TNFalpha blockers in baboons with moderate to severe endometriosis are needed to further test the potential of these agents in the prevention or treatment of endometriosis-associated subfertility.