Torus Tubarius Hypertrophy After Adenoidectomy.

Backgrounds: Adenoidectomy is widely used to cure sleep-disordered breathing symptoms in children, torus tubarius hypertrophy (TTH) after adenoidectomy causing recurred snoring, sleep apnea, nasal obstruction, or mouth breathing was rarely reported, and the causes of TTH are still unclear. Objectives: To report a rare complication TTH after adenoidectomy, and the features of TTH. Material and Methods: A total of 36 pediatric patients with TTH diagnosed by our hospital from January 2017 to 2023 were included in this study. All children were treated conservatively for a month at first, and 13 patients underwent partial resection of TTH. The influencing factors (sex, age, allergic rhinitis [AR], and first operation way) were analyzed. Results: There were 36 patients with TTH: 27 boys and 9 girls. The age of the first operation ranged from 20 to 63 months, and the interval time of TTH after operation ranged from 3 to 55 months. Thirteen patients underwent partial resection of TTH. Thirteen children had definite symptoms and signs of AR. Conclusions and Significance: TTH is a rare complication after adenoidectomy, which is common in male children (75.0%) and in patients who took adenoidectomy before the age of 5 years (94.4%). TTH can occur as early as 3 months after adenoidectomy. AR and the operation way might have relationships with TTH.

Oropharyngeal microbiome in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and after adenotonsillectomy.

BACKGROUND: The microbiome of tonsils and adenoid in adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) has been profiled. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is widely used for ATH in children. The variation of the oropharyngeal microecology in children with ATH or after AT have never been studied. OBJECTIVES: Here we aimed to evaluate the change in oropharyngeal microbiome in ATH Children after AT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, throat swabs for microbiome analysis were collected from ATH, AT and control groups. Using 16s rDNA sequencing, this study investigated the characteristics of oropharyngeal microbiome. RESULTS: The α-diversity showed a statistical difference in richness and the ß-diversity was significantly different among the three groups. The relative abundance of Haemophilus (member of Proteobacteria) increased but that of Actinomyces (member of Actinobacteriota) decreased in the ATH group compared to those in the AT and control groups, but their abundances showed no statistical difference between the AT and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The oropharyngeal microbial diversity and composition are disrupted in children with ATH and can be restored after AT. This microbiome analysis provides a new understanding about the pathogenesis of ATH in children.SummaryIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the change in oropharyngeal microbiome in ATH Children after AT. The oropharyngeal microbial diversity and composition are disrupted in children with ATH and can be restored after AT.

Nasal microbes in allergic rhinitis children with or without sublingual immunotherapy.

The mechanism of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. Most researchers believe that AR is the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a treatment that can change the natural course of AR through immunomodulatory mechanism and maintain efficacy after the treatment. Nasal cavity is the main site where AR patients contact with external allergens, produce inflammatory reactions and nasal symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the nasal microbiome in AR patients, and the changes after SLIT. In this cross-sectional study, nasal swabs for microbiome analysis were collected from 3 groups: SLIT-naïve AR patients (AR group), AR patients undergoing SLIT treatment over 2 years (SLIT group) and a control group (CG). The characteristics of nasal microbiome of each groups were produced by 16s-rDNA sequencing technology. The Simpson index of AR group was significantly higher than that of CG and SLIT groups, but not different between SLIT group and CG group. The abundance of Bacteroidete and Firmicutes remarkably increased in the AR group, but Bacteroidete reduced to CG level after SLIT. AR patients have different nasal microbiome composition, but we do not know how it happened and whether the AR condition affected nasal microbiome composition or nasal microbiome affected AR.

An association of type 1 diabetes mellitus with auditory dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and auditory dysfunction in clinical settings by a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available published data. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang Data were searched for eligible relevant studies up to May 2016, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were used for additional manual search. All the articles included in this pooled analysis were determined according to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of pooled data was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included for further combined analysis. The results showed that patients with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss than controls (odds ratio = 49.08, 95% confidence interval = 12.03-200.31, P < 0.00001); standardized mean of differences (SMD) of pure tone audiometry at 4,000 Hz between diabetes and controls was 0.87 (Z = 2.22, P = 0.03, I2 = 95%); SMD of the latency time was 0.54 (Z = 2.69, P = 0.007, I2 = 78%) for waves III and 0.61 (Z = 2.38, P = 0.02, I2 = 86%) for wave V, respectively; and SMD of the interpeak latency time was 0.41 (Z = 2.84, P = 0.005, I2 = 39%) for waves I to III and 0.61 (Z = 2.67, P = 0.008, I2 = 81%) for waves I to V, respectively, between diabetics and controls. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that there is relationship between the presence of type 1 DM and an increased risk for developing mild and subclinical hearing impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA. Laryngoscope, 127:1689-1697, 2017.

Use of taxane-containing induction chemotherapy in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in Chinese patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Taxane-containing induction chemotherapy (IC) regimens in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) have been compared with non-taxane-containing IC combined with CCRT in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Chinese patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate their clinical efficacy and safety profiling in this ethnic population. METHODS: The electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Chinese Biomedical Database, were searched for eligible studies. The outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate, and different types of adverse events. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs (representing 835 patients) were identified. The pooled analysis showed that taxane-containing regimens had a significant improvement in ORR for nasopharyngeal lesion (OR =4.57, 95% CI =1.14-18.30, P=0.032, z=2.15) but not in cervical lymph nodes (OR =1.23, 95% CI =0.65-2.36, P=0.532, z=0.64) and in 1-year survival rates (OR =1.19, 95% CI =0.10-14.82, P=0.893, z=0.13) compared with non-taxane-containing regimens. Regarding the adverse events and toxicities, grade 3-4 leukopenia and neutropenia were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001) in favor of the non-taxane-containing regimens, but grade 3-4 vomiting was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.005) in favor of the taxane-containing regimens. CONCLUSION: When combined with CCRT, taxane-containing IC regimens may be more efficient for short-term local control in Chinese patients with locally advanced NPC than the non-taxane-containing IC regimens. Moreover, the major toxic effects, which were bone marrow suppression, could be tolerated by majority of patients. More long-term follow-up and high-quality trials of NPC are needed to validate our findings.