[The effect of electrohydraulic waves and ultrasound on the urothelium]. / Der Einflubeta von elektrohydraulischer Schlagwelle und Ultraschall auf das Uroepithel

An experimental study on 30 rabbit urinary bladders showed that the ultrasound lithotripsy causes less tissue damage and fewer complications than the use of electrohydraulic waves. The danger of perforation using electrolithotripsy is high whereas bladder wall perforations never were caused by ultrasound using the usual amplitudes and frequencies. An increase in temperature and edema formation in the bladder wall was caused by the ultrasound but this probably would be a minor damage in the clinical use.

[Surgical therapy of erectile impotence of vascular venous origin]. / Chirurgische Therapie bei erektiler Impotenz vaskulärer-venöser Genese.

We report about 32 men, who suffered from erectile impotence due to venous leakage. Three methods of penile surgery are described, the ligature of plexus santorini, the ligature of deep dorsal vein and the ligature of ectopic veins of the penis. By these operations 72% of the patients achieved potency again.

[Familial pheochromocytoma]. / Das familiäre Phäochromozytom.

A familial pheochromocytoma disease is described on the basis of two siblings and a cousin. The main symptoms consisted of troubles with the eyes, inclination to perspire and high blood pressure. Special in this family disease was the marriage between relatives. The method of surgery consisted in a transverse upper abdominal incision with excellent surgical exposure.

[Hydronephrosis of the right kidney caused by retrocaval course of the ureter (author's transl)]. / Hydronephrose rechts durch retrocavalen ureterverlauf.

The genesis, diagnosis, and therapy of the retrocaval course of the ureter are described with reference to one of the author's own cases. The clinical significance of this anomaly is due to the development of a hydronephrosis. This can be corrected surgically with preservation of the organ by division of the renal pelvis, repositioning, resection of the retrocavally running ureter, and oblique end-to-end anastomosis. An enquiry as to the incidence of this condition revealed 32 retrocaval ureters at 53 West German urology departments in five years.

[Early results following radical prostatectomy in patients with capsule invasion, seminal vesicle infiltration and micrometastases]. / Frühergebnisse nach radikaler Prostatektomie bei Patienten mit Kapseldurchbruch, Samenblaseninfiltration und Mikrometastasen.

One hundred thirty-three patients with prostatic carcinoma underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1975 and 1988. Patients who had a localized prostatic carcinoma (less than or equal to T2b N0 M0 or less than or equal to B 2) and a small number (n = 10) with limited T3 carcinoma were considered for surgical therapy on the basis of a digital prostatic examination. Histological examination revealed locally advanced prostatic carcinoma in 89 patients with capsular infiltration or perforation and seminal vesicle involvement. Microscopic lymph node metastases were noted in 14 cases. Some patients with capsular perforation and seminal vesicle involvement received adjuvant therapy (orchiectomy or radiation). All patients with lymph node metastases were treated by orchiectomy. One local failure occurred among 24 patients with capsular infiltration within 42 months of follow-up. No failure occurred in stage pT3 disease (capsular perforation) with adjuvant therapy (n = 12) and in stage pT3 disease (seminal vesicle involvement) with (n = 9) and without (n = 12) adjuvant therapy after mean follow-up periods of 35, 42 and 52 months, respectively. Distant metastases occurred in 2 patients with stage pT3 disease (capsular perforation) without adjuvant therapy (n = 18) within a mean follow-up of 51 months, and 1 of these patients died of prostatic cancer. Distant metastases occurred in 3 patients with pT2-pT3N1 disease within a mean follow-up of 54 months: 1 of these patients died of prostatic cancer. Local failure was noted in 1 patient in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Delayed reconstruction following post-traumatic renal artery thrombosis]. / Verzögerte Rekonstruktion nach posttraumatischer Nierenarterienthrombose.

A case of delayed revascularisation surgery three days after a traumatic renal artery thrombosis is presented. Criteria for a successful operation, with saving of the involved organ, are: normal kidney size, intact glomeruli and visualization of the kidney by contrast-medium.

[Retroperitoneal tumor on the left side: double stomach]. / Retroperitonealer Tumor links: Magen-Duplex.

We report about an uncertain retroperitoneal tumor on the left side without certain origin. During surgery and proved by histological data we found a heterotopic second stomach, an extremely rare abnormality.

[Calcium and magnesium concentrations in "Healthy" and lithiasic human kidney (author's transl)]. / Calcium- und Magnesium-Konzentration in der "gesunden" und steinkranken Niere des Menschen

Calcium and magnesium levels in the cortex, medulla, and papilla of human kidney from 32 so-called healthy patients and from eleven patients with calcium-oxalate lithiasis were determined by atom-absorption spectralphotometry. A positive calcium gradient with the highest calcium concentration in the papilla was found in all kidneys. Compared to the control group, that calcium concentration in the lithiasic kidneys was reduced by 50% in the papilla, but in the cortex and medulla, the levels were the same. A relative depletion of calcium in the papilla in hypercalciuria goes against the theory that the papilla is the main center of development of calcium-containing stones. The magnesium concentration was practically the same in cortex, medulla, and papilla, and no significant difference was found between lithiasic and healthy kidneys. These findings underline the central role of calcium in the genesis of calcium-containing stones.

[Treatment of advanced metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate with estracyt (author's transl)]. / Klinische Erfahrungen in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen metastasierenden Prostatakarzinoms mit Estracyt.

We treated 41 patients with advancing metastatic carcinoma of the prostate in our hospital for 21 days by giving 2 X 150 mg Estracyt intravenously per day. We saw good clinical results in 32 of the 41 patients (= 78%). We found a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease of the acid and prostatic phosphatases. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase of the alkaline phosphatases. We did not see any renal or hematologic toxicity. Ten % of our intravenously treated patients experienced thrombophlebitis at the site of injection. Estracyt showed good clinical results.

[Cystine stone therapy with mercapto-propyonyl-glycine (MPG) (Thiola) (author's transl)]. / Cystinsteintherapie mit Mercaptopropyonylglycin (MPG) (Thiola)

Six patients with recurrent cystine stones and cystinuria were treated with MPG. Three patients were treated for 3 years and 3 patients for 6 months. A relatively high dosage resulted in a reduction of the cytinuria. Since MPG has almost no side effects it represents a valuable aid in the treatment of cystine stones.

[Various staining procedures in exfoliative urine cytology. Use in routine urology]. / Unterschiedliche Färbeverfahren der exfoliativen Urinzytologie. Anwendung in der urologischen Routine.

Exfoliative urinary cytology should be included in the diagnostics and follow up of bladder carcinomas. Staining according to Papanicolaou is time consuming and expensive. Therefore the accuracy of cytology after methylene blue staining, use of prestained slides and Papanicolaou staining was investigated. Urine and bladder washouts were taken from 77 patients with histologically proven bladder tumors, 152 patients after resection of the tumor and 100 patients without tumor of the urinary tract. The results show comparable accuracy of the different staining techniques. Methylene-blue stained and prestained slides cannot be used for documentation; therefore all specimens, which show tumor or are suspicious should also be stained according to Papanicolaou.

[New aspects in the treatment of oxalate lithiasis (author's transl)]. / Neue Gesichtspunkte in der Behandlung des Oxalatsteinleidens

The causes of hypercalciuria and simple diagnostic criteria for the various forms of hypercalciuria are outlined. Indications, effectiveness, limitations, and side effects of cellulose phosphate are described. Emphasis is placed on the biochemical pathogenesis and classification of hyperoxaluria. The problems of measuring and controlling oxalate excretion in patients with hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate stones are discussed. Succinimide offers a partly successful approach to the reduction of endogenous oxalate synthesis.