Functional central nervous system myelin repair in an adult mouse model of demyelination caused by proteolipid protein overexpression.

Two types of interventions to remyelinate the adult demyelinated central nervous system were investigated in heterozygous transgenic mice overexpressing the proteolipid protein gene. 1) A cocktail of trophic factors, "TS1," was directed toward the activation of the endogenous pool of neural progenitors to increase the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL) in the brain. 2) A combinatorial approach in which OL progenitors were coinjected with TS1 into the corpus callosum of wild-type and He4e transgenic mice that displayed hindlimb paralysis. The levels of locomotor ability in these mice were evaluated after a single treatment. The data showed that a single administration of either one of the interventions had similar therapeutic effects, alleviating the symptoms of demyelination and leading to the recovery of hindlimb function. Histological and immunofluorescent examination of brain sections showed extensive remyelination that was sufficient to reverse hindlimb paralysis in transgenic mice. When the interventions were administered prior to hindlimb paralysis, He4e mice were able to walk up to 1 year of age without paralysis.

Evaluation of the adverse effects of subcutaneous carprofen over six days in healthy cats.

This study evaluated the adverse effects of carprofen in seven healthy cats. Values for CBC, biochemical profiles and platelet aggregation were measured before and at seven days after SID treatment with subcutaneous carprofen: 4 mg/kg (day 1), 2mg/kg (day 2 and 3) and 1mg/kg (day 4 and 6) (CG) or 0.35 ml of saline (SG) for six days in a randomized, blinded, cross-over study with a four-week washout period. No treatment was given on day 5. Endoscopy of the GI tract was performed pre-treatment and on day 7 post-treatment. There were no significant changes in hematological profiles, biochemical profiles and endoscopy grading scores within nor between groups, except for lower albumin values at baseline than on day 7 (CG), and globulin and ALP values were higher at baseline than on day 7 in CG and SG. SC administration of carprofen over six days did not cause any adverse effects on gastrointestinal, hematological, or serum biochemical variables.

Evaluation of race distance, track surface and season of the year on exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in flat racing thoroughbreds in Brazil.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To our knowledge no studies evaluating risk factors to EIPH have been undertaken with such a population of horses in Brazil, which is one of the few countries in the racing community to accept the use of frusemide (FUR) as a prerace medication for bleeders. We also compared national results with those already in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To verify the influence of variables such as distance of the race, racetrack surface, going and season of the year in the recurrence and severity of EIPH and its effect on the finishing position of flat racing Thoroughbreds in Brazil. METHODS: 2118 post race respiratory endoscopies were recorded, in a total of 1003 individual horses. All horses in the study were certified bleeders (deemed positive by registered veterinarians following one or more endoscopies) and were administered FUR prior to each race. Data was analysed using both ordinary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The results suggest that race distance, season of the year and racetrack surface affect the recurrence of EIPH. Also, despite the use of FUR, the majority (62%) of horses continued to display some degree of haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: There was a tendency for horses that remained positive despite the use of FUR to finish unplaced in a race. Horses which had a significant reduction in bleeding and became HPIE negative after the use of FUR, tended to finish in top positions. It was not possible to determine a pattern of severity of EIPH in horses with more than one endoscopy. Further studies are required to improve our understanding of this syndrome and its correlations to performance in the racing Thoroughbred, together with the role of FUR and its possible enhancing performance effects and efficacy in consistently diminishing EIPH. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study enabled a better understanding of the use of FUR in Brazilian Thoroughbred racehorses and showed there was a tendency towards improvement in performance after administrion of FUR in bleeders. The fact that a large number of horses remained positive for EIPH despite the use of FUR should encourage the scientific community to search for better ways of reducing, or preventing, this syndrome.

The effect of changing the mode of ventilation on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference and physiological dead space in laterally and dorsally recumbent horses during halothane anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference [P(a-ET)CO2] and physiological dead space (VD(phys)/VT) in laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. STUDY DESIGN; Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial. ANIMALS: Seven mixed breed adult horses (1 male and 6 female) weighing 320 +/- 11 kg. METHODS: Horses were anesthetized in 2 positions-right lateral and dorsal recumbency-with a minimum interval of 1 month. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen for 180 minutes. Spontaneous ventilation (SV) was used for 90 minutes followed by 90 minutes of controlled ventilation (CV). The same ventilator settings were used for both laterally and dorsally recumbent horses. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes during anesthesia. End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was measured continuously. P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)NT were calculated. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance for repeated measures over time, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. Comparison between groups was performed using a paired t test; P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT increased during SV, whereas CV reduced these variables. The variables did not change significantly throughout mechanical ventilation in either group. Dorsally recumbent horses showed greater P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT values throughout. PaCO2 was greater during CV in dorsally positioned horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled was effective in reducing P(a-ET)CO2 and physiological dead space in both laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. Dorsal recumbency resulted in greater impairment of effective ventilation. Capnometry has a limited value for accurate estimation of PaCO2 in anesthetized horses, although it may be used to evaluate pulmonary function when paired with arterial blood gas analysis.

Prevalência de helicobactérias e alterações na mucosa gástrica de cães saudáveis / Prevalence of helicobacters and alterations in gastric mucosa of healthy dogs

Prevalence, distribution and density of gastric helicobacter colonization were determined in 50 healthy dogs, characterizing the macroscopic and microcospic aspects of their mucosa. Helicobacter prevalence was 96 percent, with greater distribution in the gastric fundus and body. Although the presence of macroscopic alterations was high (58 percent), it was characterized as mild due to the predominance of less severe ones (65.5 percent). High prevalence of mostly monoclear cell infriltate (64.7 percent) was noted. Association between the presence of helicobacter and macro and microscopic alterations was not observed

Alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça Arabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade / Changes in arterial pH, P O2, P CO2 and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill

Avaliaram-se as alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 do sangue arterial e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de 11 cavalos adultos da raça Arabe, submetidos a exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade. Antes do exercício, no intervalo dos 15 segundos finais de cada mudança de velocidade e aos 1, 3 e 5 minutos após o término do exercício foram coletadas amostras de sangue arterial e venoso para a mensuração dos gases sangüíneos e da concentração de lactato. O exercício resultou em diminuição do pH, da pressão parcial de O2 (P O2) e da pressão parcial de CO2 (P CO2). A concentração de lactato sangüíneo elevou-se exponencialmente a partir da velocidade de 8,0m/s até os momentos após término do exercício.

Changes in arterial blood pH, P O2 and P CO2, and blood lactate concentration in Arabian horses during exercise on a high-speed treadmill were investigated. Eleven horses were submitted to a conditioning period as well as to the incremental exercise test. The arterial and venous blood samples were obtained to evaluate the blood gas values and lactate concentration, prior to the beginning of the exercise, on the last 15 final seconds between every change of speed and at the 1, 3 and 5 minutes after the exercise. A decrease in pH, partial pressure of oxygen (P O2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO2) and the blood lactate levels exponentially increase beyond the speed of 8m/s, during the incremental exercise test.

Tratamento de aspergilose pulmonar com itraconazol em um equino

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Tenectomia da cabeça medial do tendão flexor digital profundo em equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Restabelecimento funcional do tendão extensor digital longo em equinos submetidos a tenectomia parcial

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Análise da musculatura esquelética de equinos submetidos a exercício segundo a sua contratilidade e seus aspectos metabólicos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Estudo retrospectivo do tratamento por ondas de choque extracorpóreas em osteoartrites clínicas de equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Utilização das técnicas de aritnoidectomia total direita e subtotal esquerda, associada a ventriculectomia no tratamento de um equino, acometido de paralisia laringeana bilateral

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Ressecção de pseudotumor inflamatório na traqueia de um equino

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Redução de uma luxação temporomandibular em um javali (Sus scrofa)

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Diafragma cicatricial faringeano (Pharyngeal cicatrix) em equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Hemoperitônio em equino como causa de desconforto abdominal agudo

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Estudo retrospectivo de dor lombar em equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação dos efeitos da tenotomia do flexor digital superficial sobre o casco de equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Reparação de fraturas experimentais de sesamóides proximais em eqüinos: parafusos bioabsorvíveis versus metálicos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Correlação entre os níveis séricos de pepsinogênio e úlceras gástricas em equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês

O artigo não apresenta resumo.