An Intelligent Thermal Compensation System Using Edge Computing for Machine Tools.

This paper focuses on the use of smart manufacturing in lathe-cutting tool machines, which can experience thermal deformation during long-term processing, leading to displacement errors in the cutting head and damage to the final product. This study uses time-series thermal compensation to develop a predictive system for thermal displacement in machine tools, which is applicable in the industry using edge computing technology. Two experiments were carried out to optimize the temperature prediction models and predict the displacement of five axes at the temperature points. First, an examination is conducted to determine possible variances in time-series data. This analysis is based on the data obtained for the changes in time, speed, torque, and temperature at various locations of the machine tool. Using the viable machine-learning models determined, the study then examines various cutting settings, temperature points, and machine speeds to forecast the future five-axis displacement. Second, to verify the precision of the models created in the initial phase, other time-series models are examined and trained in the subsequent phase, and their effectiveness is compared to the models acquired in the first phase. This work also included training seven models of WNN, LSTNet, TPA-LSTM, XGBoost, BiLSTM, CNN, and GA-LSTM. The study found that the GA-LSTM model outperforms the other three best models of the LSTM, GRU, and XGBoost models with an average precision greater than 90%. Based on the analysis of training time and model precision, the study concluded that a system using LSTM, GRU, and XGBoost should be designed and applied for thermal compensation using edge devices such as the Raspberry Pi.

Rs495828 polymorphism of the ABO gene is a predictor of enalapril-induced cough in Chinese patients with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: ABO genetic polymorphisms have recently been associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and inflammation, which play a critical role in the pathogenic mechanism of ACE inhibitor-induced cough. Therefore, the current study determined the association of ABO genetic polymorphisms with enalapril-induced cough in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: A total of 450 essential hypertensive patients treated with 10 mg of enalapril maleate were genotyped for ABO genetic polymorphisms using the PCR-direct sequencing method. Cough was recorded when patients were bothered by cough and respiratory symptoms during enalapril treatment without an identifiable cause. RESULTS: The distribution of rs8176740 and rs495828 was different between the coughers and the controls [P=0.039; odds ratio (OR)=0.70, P=0.018; OR=1.41]. The risk of enalapril-induced cough in the rs495828 TT carriers was increased (P=0.008; OR=2.69), which remained significant after false discovery rate correction. The results for the rs8176740 polymorphism were significant in the female subgroup (P=0.027; OR=0.22). Haplotype analysis of the four ABO polymorphisms (rs8176746/rs8176740/rs495828/rs12683493) showed that the frequency of the GATC haplotype was higher in the coughers than those in the controls (26.6 vs. 18.8%, P=0.033; OR=1.43). CONCLUSION: The rs495828 polymorphism was associated with enalapril-induced cough and may serve as a useful pharmacogenomics marker of the safety of enalapril in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. The mechanism for the associations may involve the effects of the ABO gene or ABO blood type on ACE activity and inflammation.

[Effects of different antihypertensive strategies on reversing urinary albumin excretion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different antihypertensive strategies on blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria. METHODS: For this multi-center, randomized, positively controlled clinical trial, a total of 531 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension and microalbuminuria were enrolled. They were divided randomly into calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) and CCB+ARB groups. The whole treatment period was 6 months. RESULTS: According to ANOVA analysis, the post-therapeutic urinary albumin level decreased 20.6, 27.6 and 30.9 mg/L in CCB, ARB and CCB+ARB groups respectively (P = 0.067). And the extents of urinary albumin reduction were 31.1 and 6.6 mg/L in patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Effective antihypertensive therapy is a key for decreasing urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive patients. As compared with calcium antagonists, ARB-containing regimens appear to be better in reducing urinary albumin.

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway may participate in the association between homocysteine and hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for hypertension, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS: We first explored the relationship between Hcy levels and blood pressure (BP) by analyzing the clinical data of primary hypertensive patients admitted to our hospital. Secondly, we explored a rat model to study the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the role of H2S. An hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) rat model was induced to explore the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the possible mechanism. We carried out tissue histology, extraction and examination of RNA and protein. Finally, we conducted cell experiments to determine a likely mechanism through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. RESULTS: In primary hypertensive inpatients with HHcy, blood pressure was significantly higher as compared with inpatient counterparts lacking HHcy. In the rat model, blood pressure of the Wistar rats was significantly increased with increases in serum Hcy levels and decreased after folate treatment. Angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) expression in the Wistar Hcy group was enhanced comparing to controls, but was decreased in the Wistar folate group. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) levels in the kidney tissue increased in the Wistar folate group. Both serum H2S and kidney cystathionine γ-lyase decreased with elevated levels of serum Hcy. In vitro, increased concentrations and treatment times for Hcy were associated with increased expression of collagen type 1 and AGTR1. This dose and time dependent response was also observed for p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 expression. CONCLUSION: Endogenous H2S might mediate the process of altered blood pressure in response to changes in serum Hcy levels, in a process that is partly dependent on activated RAAS and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

[Association between microalbuminuria and arterial stiffness in hypertensive and diabetic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria and arterial compliance in hypertensive and diabetes patients. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with essential hypertension and/or diabetes were studied. Albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined. Carotid to femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), C(1) and C(2) were measured by a Complier Colson device and DO-2020, respectively. RESULT: (1) C(1) and C(2) were lower and PWV higher in high ACR group than in normal ACR group (P < 0.01). (2) In patients younger than 60 years, C(1) was lower and PWV higher in high ACR group than that in normal ACR group (P < 0.01). In patients older than 60 years, C(1), C(2) were lower in high ACR group than in normal ACR group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that compliance of large and small vessels in hypertensive and diabetic patients decreased with increasing ACR.

SLCO1B1 Variants and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (Enalapril)-Induced Cough: a Pharmacogenetic Study.

Clinical observations suggest that incidence of cough in Chinese taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is much higher than other racial groups. Cough is the most common adverse reaction of enalapril. We investigate whether SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms, previously reported to be important determinants of inter-individual variability in enalapril pharmacokinetics, are associated with the enalapril-induced cough. A cohort of 450 patients with essential hypertension taking 10 mg enalapril maleate were genotyped for the functional SLCO1B1 variants, 388A > G (Asn130Asp, rs2306283) and 521T > C (Val174Ala, rs4149056). The primary endpoint was cough, which was recorded when participants were bothered by cough and respiratory symptoms during enalapril treatment without an identifiable cause. SLCO1B1 521C allele conferred a 2-fold relative risk of enalapril-induced cough (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-3.04, P = 6.2 × 10(-4)), and haplotype analysis suggested the relative risk of cough was 6.94-fold (95% CI = 1.30-37.07, P = 0.020) in SLCO1B1*15/*15 carriers. Furthermore, there was strong evidence for a gene-dose effect (percent with cough in those with 0, 1, or 2 copy of the 521C allele: 28.2%, 42.5%, and 71.4%, trend P = 6.6 × 10(-4)). Our study highlights, for the first time, SLCO1B1 variants are strongly associated with an increased risk of enalapril-induced cough. The findings will be useful to provide pharmacogenetic markers for enalapril treatment.

Effect of NR3C2 genetic polymorphisms on the blood pressure response to enalapril treatment.

AIM: The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; also known as NR3C2) plays important roles in the modulation of blood pressure. The effect of NR3C2 polymorphisms on antihypertensive response to enalapril was investigated. PATIENTS & METHODS: Two hundred and seventy nine essential hypertension patients treated with enalapril were genotyped for two NR3C2 tagSNPs, rs5522 and rs2070950, by Sequenom MassArray™ technology. RESULTS: The reductions in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly greater in AA homozygotes compared with AG+GG genotype carriers for the rs5522 polymorphism (p = 0.009), and the reductions in DBP were greater in GG homozygotes compared with GC+CC genotype carriers for the rs2070950 polymorphism, with marginal significance (p = 0.065). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that significant predictors of DBP reduction were baseline DBP (p < 0.001), waist:hip ratio (p = 0.001) and rs5522 genotype (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: NR3C2 rs5522 affects blood pressure response to enalapril treatment and may serve as a useful pharmacogenomic marker of antihypertensive response to enalapril in essential hypertension patients.