Early respiratory interventional therapy combined with antifungal agent for endobronchial cryptococcosis: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Cryptococcosis presenting as endobronchial obstruction and lung collapse is an extremely rare occurrence. While these patients were treated with antifungal agents, unfortunately, half of them showed a suboptimal response. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old immunocompetent male was admitted to the hospital due to a cough, yellow phlegm, and dyspnea persisting for 5 months. Chest computer tomography revealed a mass in the right main bronchus accompanied by right lower lobe atelectasis. DIAGNOSES: Endobronchial cryptococcosis presenting as endobronchial obstruction and lung collapse. INTERVENTIONS: Early rigid bronchoscopic therapy was performed to resect endobronchial obstruction, which combined with antifungal agent. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well with completely clinical and radiologic resolution at 1 year follow-up. LESSONS: This case provides a good example of successful utilization of the early respiratory interventional therapy combined with antifungal agent in obstructive endobronchial cryptococcosis.

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of sphenoid sinus: A case report and literature review.

Background: Primary Ewing's sarcoma of sphenoid sinus, observed in children and adolescents, is an extremely rare malignancy. Such rarity makes the imaging features and treatment strategies for Ewing's sarcoma of sphenoid sinus unclear. This study aimed to offer guidance for treating this very disease by describing a patient with a rare primary Ewing's sarcoma of sphenoid sinus and reviewing the available data in the literature. Case description: A case of Ewing's sarcoma in sphenoid sinus treated with multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including tumor resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy, was presented in this study. Moreover, literature for Ewing's sarcoma in the head was systematically searched, and two cases in the sphenoid sinus and five cases in the sphenoid bone were identified. Furthermore, the clinical features, imaging findings, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis were summarized. Conclusion: Tumor resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy may provide favorable results for patients with Ewing's sarcoma of sphenoid sinus and bone. However, more reports are still necessary to further clarify optimal management.