RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) may be related to brain injury. S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have been investigated as potential biochemical markers of neural cell injury in animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the association between POCD, brain injury and serum concentrations of S100B and NSE after periodontal surgery in aged dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational animal study. ANIMALS: A total of 24 male and female dogs undergoing periodontal surgery. METHODS: Dogs were separated into two groups based on age: control group, 10 dogs ≤ 8 years and aged group, 14 dogs > 8 years. Cognitive function was measured preoperatively and on the seventh postoperative day using the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating scale and the Age-Related Cognitive and Affective Disorders scale. S100B protein and NSE serum concentrations were measured before and immediately after the surgery. RESULTS: POCD was not observed after surgery in the present study. Serum concentrations of S100B and NSE were increased postoperatively in the control group but not in the aged group (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Preoperative S100B serum concentrations were significantly higher in the aged group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between POCD and high concentrations of S100B and NSE in dogs. However, increased postoperative serum concentrations of S100B and NSE were found in the control group after surgery, an effect that may indicate neural damage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results suggest that anesthesia and oral surgery are associated with higher postoperative serum concentrations of S100B and NSE in dogs ≤ 8 years old, which may indicate neural damage. Serum concentrations of S100B were elevated in aged dogs before anesthesia, a finding that might be related to chronic preoperative brain damage.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/sangre , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/diagnóstico , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/sangre , Envejecimiento , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/enzimología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Complicaciones Cognitivas Postoperatorias/sangreRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and conversion from MDD to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of women. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study including women diagnosed with MDD and aged 18 to 60 years. The follow-up was 3 years. The diagnosis was performed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus. Blood collection was just performed in the first phase. Serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were measured using a commercial immunoassay kit. RESULTS: We included 156 women. The conversion rate from MDD to BD was 15.4% (n = 24). NGF serum levels were increased in patients who converted to BD compared to the remitted MDD group and current MDD group (P = 0.013). The Bonferroni post-hoc test for multiple comparisons revealed significant differences for higher NGF levels in patients who converted to BD compared to patients with current MDD (P = 0.037). Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NGF might be a useful biomarker associated with early detection of conversion to BD, helping clinicians in the clinical diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/sangre , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/sangre , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Femenino , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/sangre , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) may be related to the systemic inflammatory response and an increase in serum markers of brain injury such as S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the association between POCD and serum levels of S100B and NSE after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Single university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: We investigated 88 patients undergoing CABG. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Cognitive function was measured preoperatively, and at the 21st and 180th postoperative days (i.e. 6 months after surgery). S100B protein and NSE serum levels were evaluated preoperatively, after induction of anaesthesia, at the end of surgery and at 6 and 24âh after surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of POCD was 26.1% at 21 days after surgery and 22.7% at 6 months after surgery. Increased serum levels of S100B protein and NSE were observed postoperatively and may indicate brain damage. CONCLUSION: Although serum levels of S100B protein and NSE are both significantly increased postoperatively, our findings indicate that serum levels of S100B protein may be more accurate than NSE in the detection of POCD after CABG. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01550159.
Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva/sangre , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/efectos adversos , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/sangre , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/sangre , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is based on clinical signs and on the measurement of biological markers. However, these markers are neither sufficiently sensitive, nor specific enough, for determining the effects of alcohol abuse on the central nervous system. Serum neurotrophins are important regulators of neural survival, development, function, and plasticity and have been found to be reduced in alcohol use disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in serum neurotrophin levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], glial-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF], and nerve growth factor [NGF]) in alcohol use disorder in a young population, and thus possibly representing the early stages of the illness. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, nested in a population-based study of people aged 18 to 35, involving 795 participants. The participants responded to the CAGE questionnaire, and a CAGE score of ≥2 was considered to be a positive screen for the abuse/dependence or moderate to severe alcohol use disorder. Serum BDNF, GDNF, and NGF levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: In the CAGE ≥ 2 group, GDNF (p ≤ 0.001) and NGF (p ≤ 0.001) serum levels were significantly increased, and the BDNF elevation was near a statistical significance (p = 0.068) when compared to the CAGE < 2 group. A significantly positive correlation was observed only in the CAGE ≥ 2 group for BDNF/GDNF (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and GDNF/NGF (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) levels. The correlation between the NGF and BDNF levels was significantly positive in both groups (r = 0.28, p < 0.001 for the CAGE < 2 group, and r = 0.30, p = 0.008 for the CAGE ≥ 2 group). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that elevated neurotrophins are candidate markers for the early stages of alcohol misuse.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/sangre , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychiatric disorders in young adults in southern Brazil. METHODS: This population based cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,023 young adults between the ages of 21 and 32 years. Current episodes of psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Plus version. MetS was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). RESULTS: Of the 1,023 participants, 24.3% were identified with MetS, 13.5% were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 7.5% with current depression, 3.9% with bipolar disorders and 10.1% were at risk of suicide. MetS was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.022), excess weight (p < 0.001), current anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), current mood disorders (bipolar disorder in mood episode and current depression) (p < 0.001), and suicide risk (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MetS was associated with psychiatric disorders. Awareness of factors associated with MetS can help identify high-risk individuals and stimulate disease prevention and control programs, as well as lifestyle changes.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/psicología , Prevalencia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the serum leptin levels in cannabis smokers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study of participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and the use of psychoactive substances. Leptin levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS: Of the 911 participants, 6.7% were identified as cannabis smokers and had significantly lower leptin levels (p = 0.008). When stratified by gender, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels among male smokers (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Cannabis smoking was linked to leptin levels in men, suggesting that the response to biological signals may be different between men and women.
Asunto(s)
Leptina/sangre , Fumar Marihuana/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Marihuana/fisiopatología , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence in a population-based sample of young adults and assess the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and suicide risk in this population. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1,953 young adults aged 18-35 years. The CAGE questionnaire was used to screen for alcohol abuse and/or dependence, with CAGE scores ≥ 2 considered positive. Psychiatric disorders were investigated through the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence was identified in 187 (9.60%) individuals (5.10% among women and 15.20% among men). Alcohol abuse and/or dependence were more prevalent among men than women, as well as among those who used tobacco, illicit drugs or presented with anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that alcohol abuse and/or dependence are consistently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, could be considered important predictors of other psychiatric disorders, and deserve greater public heath attention, pointing to the need for alcohol abuse prevention programs.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/psicología , Ansiedad/complicaciones , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Major depressive disorder has a heterogeneous etiology, since it arises from the interaction of multiple factors and different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the symptomatology. This study aimed to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in the susceptibility to stress and, consequently, in the depression-like behavior. C57BL/6 mice were treated with Physostigmine (PHYS), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and were submitted to the social defeat stress. For the behavioral evaluation of the locomotor activity, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors the open field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, social interaction and forced swim were used. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex samples were collected for evaluation of AChE activity, as well as blood samples for analysis of serum cortisol levels. Our results showed that 15â¯min after the injection of PHYS there was a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, in the end of the experimental design, day 12, there was no difference in AChE activity levels. Inhibition of AChE and exposure to the stress led to an increase in cortisol levels. Animals that received PHYS and were exposed to stress showed less social interaction and greater learned helplessness, anhedonia and anxious-like behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that increasing the cholinergic tone shortly before stress induction impacts on the ability to cope with upcoming stressful situations, leading to a depressive-like state.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Trastorno Depresivo/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Anhedonia/fisiología , Animales , Ansiedad/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Trastorno Depresivo/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dominación-Subordinación , Desamparo Adquirido , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Fisostigmina , Distribución Aleatoria , Estrés Psicológico/complicacionesRESUMEN
Approximately one million people commit suicide every year, being suicide attempts and ideation even more common. Changes in stress response and activation of the immune system have been associated with suicide risk. Here we investigated the interaction between immune system and HPA axis alterations in the suicide risk, looking for the influence of rs110402 CRHR1 SNP in the IL-1ß levels according to suicide ideation and attempt. This study evaluated 171 subjects of which 15 had suicidal ideation, 20 had suicide attempt and 136 were controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR and IL-1ß levels were measured by ELISA. Our data showed that for each point increase in IL-1ß levels the risk of suicide attempt increased 5% [relative risk = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.0-1.10)]. After sample stratification by rs110402 SNP genotypes, we observed that in subjects carrying the A allele the risk raised to 15% [relative risk = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.03-1.28)], suggesting an apparent effect modification. Thus, this study showed that alterations in CRHR1 gene were associated with higher levels of IL-1ß, and increased risk for suicide, reinforcing the importance of multifactorial interactions of biological markers for psychiatric disorders.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores de Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/genética , Intento de Suicidio , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Ideación Suicida , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by long-term worry, tension, nervousness, fidgeting, and symptoms of autonomic system hyperactivity. The neurobiology of this disorder is still unclear, although it has been shown consistently that the environment and the genetic profile could increase its risk. We examined whether a polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, which plays a role in neuroplasticity and memory, could increase the vulnerability to this disorder. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: In our study, 816 participants from a population-based study were genotyped by qPCR for the BDNF functional variant rs6265 (Val66Met) and the BDNF serum levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant association between the Met allele and risk for GAD (P=0.014), but no differences were observed in the serum levels of BDNF according to diagnosis (P=0.531) or genotype distribution (P=0.197). However, after stratification according to the GAD diagnosis, the Met allele was associated significantly with an increase in serum BDNF levels compared with the Val/Val genotype in GAD participants (F=3.93; P=0.048). The logistic regression analysis confirmed the independent association of Met allele as a risk factor for development of GAD after adjusting for confounder variables (ß=0.528; 95% confidence interval: 0.320-0.871; P=0.012). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BDNF could be involved in the neurobiology of GAD and might represent a useful marker associated with the disease.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad/sangre , Trastornos de Ansiedad/genética , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Metionina/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Valina/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To identify the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychiatric disorders in young adults in southern Brazil. Methods: This population based cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,023 young adults between the ages of 21 and 32 years. Current episodes of psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Plus version. MetS was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). Results: Of the 1,023 participants, 24.3% were identified with MetS, 13.5% were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 7.5% with current depression, 3.9% with bipolar disorders and 10.1% were at risk of suicide. MetS was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.022), excess weight (p < 0.001), current anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), current mood disorders (bipolar disorder in mood episode and current depression) (p < 0.001), and suicide risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS was associated with psychiatric disorders. Awareness of factors associated with MetS can help identify high-risk individuals and stimulate disease prevention and control programs, as well as lifestyle changes.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Síndrome Metabólico/complicaciones , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Síndrome Metabólico/psicología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A group of 11 women (18-29 years old) in the first episode of depression was evaluated before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Depressive scores, assessed by Hamilton Rating Scale (HRSD), and serum IL-6 levels significantly decreased after the seventh session. These results suggest that CBT reduced both depressive symptoms and the inflammatory state in women.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/rehabilitación , Interleucina-6/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcaloides , Femenino , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Análisis de Regresión , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the serum leptin levels in cannabis smokers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study of participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and the use of psychoactive substances. Leptin levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Results: Of the 911 participants, 6.7% were identified as cannabis smokers and had significantly lower leptin levels (p = 0.008). When stratified by gender, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels among male smokers (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Cannabis smoking was linked to leptin levels in men, suggesting that the response to biological signals may be different between men and women.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Fumar Marihuana/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil , Fumar Marihuana/fisiopatología , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence in a population-based sample of young adults and assess the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and suicide risk in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1,953 young adults aged 18-35 years. The CAGE questionnaire was used to screen for alcohol abuse and/or dependence, with CAGE scores ≥ 2 considered positive. Psychiatric disorders were investigated through the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence was identified in 187 (9.60%) individuals (5.10% among women and 15.20% among men). Alcohol abuse and/or dependence were more prevalent among men than women, as well as among those who used tobacco, illicit drugs or presented with anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk. Conclusion: These findings suggest that alcohol abuse and/or dependence are consistently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, could be considered important predictors of other psychiatric disorders, and deserve greater public heath attention, pointing to the need for alcohol abuse prevention programs.