RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Multiple anecdotal reports suggest that smell and taste loss were early subclinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The objective of this review was to identify the incidence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19, determine the onset of their symptoms and the risk factors of anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia or dysgeusia for COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar on 15th May 2020, with search terms including SARS-COV-2, coronavirus, COVID-19, hyposmia, anosmia, ageusia and dysgeusia. The articles included were cross sectional studies, observational studies and retrospective or prospective audits, letters to editor and short communications that included a study of a cohort of patients. Case reports, case-series and interventional studies were excluded. DISCUSSION: A total of 16 studies were selected. Incidence of smell and taste dysfunction was higher in Europe (34 to 86%), North America (19 to 71%) and the Middle East (36 to 98%) when compared to the Asian cohorts (11 to 15%) in COVID-19 positive patients. Incidence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 negative patients was low in comparison (12 to 27%). Total incidence of smell and taste dysfunction from COVID-19 positive and negative patients from seven studies was 20% and 10% respectively. Symptoms may appear just before, concomitantly, or immediately after the onset of the usual symptoms. Occurs predominantly in females. When occurring immediately after the onset of the usual symptoms, the median time of onset was 3.3 to 4.4 days. Symptoms persist for a period of seven to 14 days. Patients with smell and taste dysfunction were reported to have a six to ten-fold odds of having COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Smell and taste dysfunction has a high incidence in Europe, North America, and the Middle East. The incidence was lower in the Asia region. It is a strong risk factor for COVID-19. It may be the only symptom and should be added to the list of symptoms when screening for COVID- 19.
Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , COVID-19 , Humanos , Incidencia , Trastornos del Olfato/virología , Pandemias , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2 , Trastornos del Gusto/virologíaRESUMEN
Metastasising pleomorphic adenoma is rare and may occur years after surgical excision of a pleomorphic adenoma (PA). We present a 61-year-old woman with a right infratemporal PA with metastases to the cervical lymph nodes after 30 years following a total parotidectomy. She was treated successfully with a resection of the tumour with combined neck and mandibulotomy approach along with postoperative radiotherapy given subsequently.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma Pleomórfico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Fosa Infratemporal , Glándula Parótida/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Base del Cráneo/diagnóstico , Adenoma Pleomórfico/etiología , Adenoma Pleomórfico/patología , Adenoma Pleomórfico/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/etiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Humanos , Fosa Infratemporal/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Base del Cráneo/etiología , Neoplasias de la Base del Cráneo/patología , Neoplasias de la Base del Cráneo/terapiaRESUMEN
Congenital epulis is a rare benign pedunculated tumour of the oral cavity arising from the alveolar ridges. It is usually detected in newborns and can be successfully resected surgically. We report a case of a newborn baby who had a 5x3x3cm pedunculated lobar mass arising from the upper alveolar ridge.