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BACKGROUND: Venous complications after pediatric liver transplantation seriously affect the survival rate of patients and grafts. At present, the diagnostic indicators have not been unified. Venous complications may cause portal hypertension, which may lead to splenomegaly and splenic vein dilatation. Therefore, the changes in spleen may be closely related to the venous complications. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between ultrasonic splenic parameters and venous complications and to study whether these splenic parameters can be used for the diagnosis of venous complications. METHODS: We retrospectively included pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation and collected ultrasonic spleen parameters before, and then 1-3 days, 1-3 weeks, 1-3 months, and 4-12 months after liver transplantation. We observed whether there were portal vein or hepatic vein complications within 1 year after liver transplantation. RESULTS: Among 109 pediatric patients after liver transplantation included in our study, 11 of them suffered from portal vein complications and nine hepatic vein complications. Spleen transverse diameter, spleen longitudinal diameter, spleen portal vein diameter, spleen index, spleen transverse diameter ratio, spleen longitudinal diameter ratio, and spleen index ratio were independent risk factors of venous complications. The accuracy of spleen transverse diameter (AUROC: 0.73), spleen index (AUROC: 0.70), spleen transverse diameter ratio (AUROC: 0.71), and spleen index ratio (AUROC: 0.72) in predicting venous complications were higher than other ones. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonic examination is a common follow-up method for pediatric patients after liver transplantation and the application of ultrasonic spleen parameters may be helpful to monitor venous complications.
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Trasplante de Hígado , Bazo , Humanos , Niño , Bazo/diagnóstico por imagen , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vena Porta/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía , Vena Esplénica/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients. METHODS: We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels. RESULTS: Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Reacción a la Transfusión , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Donantes de Sangre , Prevalencia , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Transfusión Sanguínea , Anticuerpos Antivirales , China/epidemiología , Citomegalovirus , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina M , VoluntariosRESUMEN
Network pharmacology is a bioinformatics-based research strategy aimed at identifying drug actions and facilitating drug discovery. In this study, network pharmacology was used for exploring the anti-epileptic multi-target mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis. The possible protein targets of Rhizoma Coptidis were predicted by constructing the pathway and network of drug targets. Then, the interaction of the main active components of Rhizoma Coptidis and predicted candidate targets were verified using molecular docking technology. Finally, nine active compounds were selected from Rhizoma Coptidis. A total of 68 targets associated with Rhizoma Coptidis treating epilepsy. The key targets were AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, and TP53. According to GO functional enrichment analysis, 289 items of biological process, 33 items of cellular component, and 55 items of molecular function were obtained. A total of 89 signaling pathways were identified through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (P < 0.05), and HIF-1, TNF, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were mainly related to epilepsy. Molecular docking showed quercetin and (R)-canadine combined well with the key targets. The active ingredient in Rhizoma Coptidis can regulate various signaling pathways, and have therapeutic effects on epilepsy (AU)
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Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Transducción de Señal , Descubrimiento de DrogasRESUMEN
Na?ve CD4 + T cells differentiate into a variety of T helper (Th) subsets that secrete various cytokines to exert biological effects. Th22 cells, a novel identified CD4 + T cell subset, are distinct from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell subsets. Th22 cells express chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10, and secrete multiple cytokines such as IL-22, IL-13 and TNF-α, but not IL-17, IL-4 IFN-γ; and IL-22 is considered as major effector cytokine of Th22. The understanding on functions and differentiation mechanisms of Th22 cells have been constantly improved, and Th22 cells play important roles in human common viral infections. The article reviews the current advances about the characteristics, function, differentiation of Th22 cells, the roles of Th22 cells and the key molecules in several human common viral infections, which would provide novel immune strategies for the prevention and treatment of human viral infection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC).@*METHODS@#Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed.@*RESULTS@#Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients' preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.
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Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antineoplásicos , Usos Terapéuticos , Arsenicales , Usos Terapéuticos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Usos Terapéuticos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Quimioterapia , Mortalidad , Polvos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
An ideal animal model of azoospermia would be a powerful tool for the evaluation of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation. Busulfan has been commonly used to develop such a model, but 30%-87% of mice die when administered an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg kg-1. In the present study, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to test the effects of busulfan exposure in a mouse model that received two intraperitoneal injections of busulfan at a 3-h interval at different doses (20, 30, and 40 mg kg-1) on day 36 or a dose of 40 mg kg-1 at different time points (0, 9, 18, 27, 36, and 63 days). The survival rate of the mice was 100%. When the mice were treated with 40 mg kg-1 busulfan, dramatic SSC depletion occurred 18 days later and all of the germ cells were cleared by day 36. In addition, the gene expressions of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) were moderately increased by day 36. A 63-day, long-term observation showed the rare restoration of endogenous germ cells in the testes, suggesting that the potential period for SSC transplantation was between day 36 and day 63. Our results demonstrate that the administration of two intraperitoneal injections of busulfan (40 mg kg-1 in total) at a 3-h interval to mice provided a nonlethal and efficient method for recipient preparation in SSC transplantation and could improve treatments for infertility and the understanding of chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Células Madre Germinales Adultas/trasplante , Azoospermia/inducido químicamente , Busulfano/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infertilidad Masculina/inducido químicamente , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatogonias/efectos de los fármacos , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodosRESUMEN
The chigger mite Leptotrombidium sialkotense is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. Before present study, L. sialkotense was found in some parts of Hunan province, China with a narrow geographical distribution. During field investigation 2016-2017, we found L. sialkotense in Jingha, southern Yunnan, China. Of 15 small mammal host species, L. sialkotense were collected from 6 species of the hosts. Rattus brunneusculus was a dominant host of L. sialkotense, from which 98.3% of the mites were collected. The chigger mite showed a relatively high infestation prevalence (PM=11.7%) and mean abundance (MA=0.5) in comparison with the rest 5 host species. These results reveal a certain host specificity of L. sialkotense to a rat R. brunneusculus. The mite L. sialkotense showed an aggregated distribution on the host (P<0.05). A positive correlation observed between L. sialkotense and the body length of hosts. There was a positive interspecific association between L. sialkotense and 2 other dominant vectors, L. deliense and L. scutellare.
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Objective This article retrospectively analyzed the efficacy,toxicity,survival and related factors affecting progno-sis of patients with small cell lung cancer(SCLC)who had recurrence or progression after first-course chemoradiotherapy. Methods A total of 86 patients with recurrence or progression recurrence after SCLC chemotherapy and radiotherapy from January 2007 to De-cember 2015 in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were enrolled. Patients were divided into the re-treatment group to re-ceive secondary treatment with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and two control groups to receive secondary treatment with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy alone. The factors affecting the prognosis of SCLC re-treatment were analyzed. The short-term and long-term efficacy,overall survival and toxicity of three groups were compared. Results The median progression-free survival time of the re-treatment group,radiotherapy group,and chemotherapy alone group was 4 months(1~20 months),2 months(1 ~7 months)and 3 months(1~6 months). There was no statistical difference(P>0. 05). The median overall survival time was 25 months (3~135 months)in the re-treatment group and 8 months in the radiotherapy group(1-59 months)and 12 months(1~108)in the chemotherapy alone group,the difference was statistically significant ( P <0. 05 ). The 1 -,2 -,and 3 -year survival rates were 73. 70% ,52. 10% and 47. 40% in the re - treatment group; 32. 90% 、 21. 90% and 21. 90% in the radiotherapy group, and 45. 40% ,19. 90% and 19. 90% in the chemotherapy alone group. The long-term effect of the re-treatment group was better than that of the radiotherapy group and the chemotherapy alone group(P<0. 05). Conclusion Re-treatment of patients with SCLC who failed after receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the first time can prolong the survival time of patients and improve the life quality of patients. If the patient's physical condition permits,the treatment should be selective radiotherapy and chemotherapy as well as tolerable toxicity or side effects. Among them,patients with no distant metastasis and recurrent radiotherapy dose ≥5 000 cGy had greater survival benefit. However,the late toxic and side effects,and complications of patients after re-treatment are still to be further observed.
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The infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea is the dry infructescence of P. strobilacea, which is a traditional medicinal plant in China. It has functions of clearing up heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and relieving pain, activating blood circulation and removing stasis, clearing orifices and expelling pus. It is commonly used by people to treat various complications caused by acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and acute upper respiratory tract infection, and is a kind of Chinese medicine with excellent development space and utilization value and has broad market prospects. There are many chemical constituents in the infructescence of P. strobilacea, including volatile oils, Phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and other compounds. Among them, volatile oils are the most abundant, but lack of correlated activity studies. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids are the main pharmacogenetics constituents. However, few of these compounds have been isolated and identified. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the infructescence of P. strobilacea has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostasis, anti-aging, growth promotion, hypotension and sedation, but the existing studies mainly focus on anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostasis, anti-tumor effects, and other activities have not been further explored. In the future, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the infructescence of P. strobilacea should be studied in depth, and its mechanism should be further clarified so that it can be more fully and reasonably applied. By consulting domestic and foreign literature in recent years in CNKI, VIP database, Wanfang date, PubMed and other databases. The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical application of the infructescence of P. strobilacea were summarized and expounded its research progress in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and further development and application of the Infructescence of P. strobilacea.
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@#【Objective】To study retrospectively the serum hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and HBsAg normal⁃ ized to the same hepatic parenchyma cell volume(HPCV),namely,the same hepatic cell quantities,between HBeAg- positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB).【Methods】A total of 168 CHB patients who had undergone liv⁃ er biopsy and test of serum HBsAg levels due to their disease in the Third Affiliated Hospital of SunYat-sen University were selected as the study subjects. The serum HBsAg levels,as well as HBsAg levels normalized to HPCV(hepatic cell quantities)were compared between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB,respectively.【Results】There was statis⁃ tically significant difference in serum HBsAg levels between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB(P = 0.028), while there was no statistical difference in HBsAg normalized to HPCV(P = 0.073). There were no correlations between serum HBsAg and liver inflammation grades(HBeAg-positive:r s = 0.020,P = 0.876 & HBeAg-negative:r s = 0.037,P =0.711). Similarly,there were no correlations between HBsAg and hepatic fibrosis stages(HBeAg-positive:r s = 0.087, P = 0.488 & HBeAg-negative:r s = 0.144,P = 0.148). Nevertheless,statistically significant positive correlations were shown between HBsAg normalized to HPCV and liver inflammation grades(HBeAg-positive:r s = 0.309,P = 0.012 & HBeAg-negative:r s = 0.389,P < 0.001). Similarly,the HBsAg normalized to HPCV and hepatic fibrosis stages were shown to be statistically significantly correlated(HBeAg-positive:r s = 0.490,P < 0.001 & HBeAg-negative:r s = 0.599, P < 0.001).【Conclusions】Serum HBsAg normalized to HPCV but not HBsAg levels,is correlated with liver inflamma⁃ tion grades as well as hepatic fibrosis stages positively in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB. But there is no difference in serum HBsAg levels normalized to HPCV between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB.
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Objective To investigate the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickening.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 17 fetuses with increased NF detected by prenatal ultrasound examination in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 1,2016 to December 1,2017.All cases were divided into isolated (isolated group) or non-isolated increased NF group (non-isolated group) according to whether the fetus had concomitant ultrasonographic abnormalities or not.Karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were performed on all cases.Clinical data,prenatal genetic testing results and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Results Of those twelve cases in the isolated group,two were terminated due to the identification of chromosomal abnormalities and pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) and the fetal autopsy results were consistent with the prenatal diagnosis.The rest 10 pregnancies were all continued including one fetus carrying a variant of unknown significance,which was proved to be a paternal heredity by CMA,and nine without genetic abnormalities and all-these infants were healthy during follow-up.Among the five non-isolated cases,one was diagnosed as trisomy 21 by karyotyping and CMA,and the other four were found to have structural abnormalities under ultrasound scan,but without genetic abnormalities in karyotyping and CMA.And all the five pregnancies were terminated after genetic counseling and three of them chose whole exome sequencing (WES) for further test.One homozygous mutation in CHRNA 1 gene and one de novo mutation in SETD2 gene were found in two cases,respectively,while no abnormality was identified in the other one case.Conclusions Once increased NF were indicated by ultrasound examination,prenatal genetic testing should be offered to the patients,including CMA,regardless of other ultrasonographic abnormalities,and WES should also be offered when necessary.Considering a thickened NF is associated with increased risks of structural defects,a close follow-up with fetal echocardiography and ultrasound is required even the prenatal tests are normal.
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Objective To investigate whether elevated baseline levels of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and neutrophil (NE) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Kailuan female cohort. Methods Females from Kailuan cohort (2006-2007) were included in this study. Information on check-up, hsCRP and NE were collected at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of association between baseline hsCRP and NE values and breast cancer risk. Results By December 31, 2015, a total of 18 866 participants were enrolled in this study. During the follow-up, 183 new cases of breast cancer were observed. All participants were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (3 mg/L). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer were 829/105, 1 211/105 and 1 495/105 in these 3 groups, respectively ( 2=12.08, P=0.002). Compared with participants with lower hsCRP levels (3 mg/L) levels had significantly increased risk of breast cancer (HR=1.71,95%CI: 1.18-2.47, P=0.005), howerver, we didn’t find the statistically significant association between NE level (0.05). Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline might increase the risk of breast cancer in females.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the application efficacies of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and venous port access (VPA) during chemotherapy in the patients with malignant tumor.Methods The research data published in CNKI,WanFang Database and Pubmed Database were collected from October 2008 to December 2016.The related researches were screened according to the inclusion criteria.Then the meta analysis was performed by using the Revman Manager 5.3 software.Results Finally 63 articles were included for conducting the meta analysis,involving 11 296 patients.The one-time catheter placing success rate of VPA and PICC was investigated by 30 included articles,and the merged effect showed that the difference had no statistical significance (OR =0.96,95 % CI:0.75-1.23,P>0.05).The analysis results of 16 articles showed that the proportion of the catheter indwelling time ≥ 1 year in the patients adopting VAP was higher than that in the patients adopting PICC (OR =27.17,95 % CI:18.08-40.83,P<0.05).The incidence rate of complications in the patients adopting VPA was lower than that in the patients adopting PICC (OR =0.19,95 % CI:0.16-0.22,P<0.01).The living quality of VPA and PICC was investigated by 11 included articles,which showed that the living quality in the VAP group was significantly higher than that in the PICC group (OR=8.53,95%CI:5.88-12.38,P<0.05).Conclnsion The indwelling time of VPA during chemotherapy in the patients with malignant tumor is longer,the incidence rate of complications is lower and the patient's living quality is higher.
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This article reviews Leptotrombidium deliense, including its discovery and nomenclature, morphological features and identification, life cycle, ecology, relationship with diseases, chromosomes and artificial cultivation. The first record of L. deliense was early in 1922 by Walch. Under the genus Leptotrombidium, there are many sibling species similar to L. deliense, which makes it difficult to differentiate L. deliense from another sibling chigger mites, for example, L. rubellum. The life cycle of the mite (L. deliense) includes 7 stages: egg, deutovum (or prelarva), larva, nymphochrysalis, nymph, imagochrysalis and adult. The mite has a wide geographical distribution with low host specificity, and it often appears in different regions and habitats and on many species of hosts. As a vector species of chigger mite, L. deliense is of great importance in transmitting scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in many parts of the world, especially in tropical regions of Southeast Asia. The seasonal fluctuation of the mite population varies in different geographical regions. The mite has been successfully cultured in the laboratory, facilitating research on its chromosomes, biochemistry and molecular biology.
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Adulto , Humanos , Asia Sudoriental , Bioquímica , Ecología , Ecosistema , Especificidad del Huésped , Larva , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Ácaros , Biología Molecular , Ninfa , Óvulo , Tifus por Ácaros , Estaciones del Año , Hermanos , TrombiculidaeRESUMEN
The combined administration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) aims at comprehensive adjustment of body based on the theory of TCM and the theory of Chinese medicine property. The natures and tastes of TCM are the core of the theory of TCM property. The combined administration of natures and tastes of TCM is one of the important theories of prescription compatibility. The objective of study on the combined administration of natures and tastes of prescriptions according to symptoms of disease is to clarify the compatibility mechanism of prescriptions. The study on the compound compatibility of TCM under the guidance of theory of TCM focuses on the relationship between the composition, dosage and compatibility of TCM by using modern high-tech means. It demonstrates the effective combination of TCM theory and modern technology, and the inheritance and innovation of TCM theory. The study of the effect and mechanism of compatibility of natures and tastes of TCM under the guidance of TCM theory is helpful for the analysis of the compatibility effect and mechanism of TCM based on the pharmacological effect of natures and tastes of TCM. The correlation between the pharmacological effect of natures and tastes of TCM and the pharmacological effect of components were studied by modern informatics, which is beneficial to promote the development of theory of TCM compound. The study of the compatibility between natures, tastes and component of TCM shall pay attention to the combination of pharmacological effects of natures, tastes and component of TCM, so as to define the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM, and make full use of the characteristics and advantages of TCM. The methods and pharmacological effects of the combined administration of TCM compounds are reviewed to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new drugs and clinical application.
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Objective To observe the effects of Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules on the expressions of HIF-1α and NF-κB; To explore its possible mechanism of treatment. Methods SD rats were injected with STZ (50 mg/kg) into the tail vein to induce diabetes mellitus. After the DR model was confirmed by fundus fluorescein angiography, the rats were randomly divided into model group, Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules group and positive medicine group, and normal rats were set as control group. After the last administration, the blood glucose level and retinopathy in rats were measured. The protein and gene expression of HIF-1α and NF-κB in the retina were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. Results Compared with control group, the blood glucose in the model group was significantly increased; the retinal capillaries increased; the leakage of fluorescein was obvious; the protein and gene expressions of HIF-1α,NF-κB were significantly increased.After administration of Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules,the model rats decreased blood glucose; retinal microvascular volume decreased; fluorescein leakage area was significantly reduced; protein and gene expressions of HIF-1α and NF-κB were decreased. Conclusion Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules can effectively inhibit the neovascularization of DR rats and protect the retina, which may be related to the down-regulation of the expressions of HIF-1α and NF-κB.
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This study aimed to investigate the role of cathepsin D (CathD) in central nervous system (CNS) myelination and its possible mechanism. By using CathD knockout mice in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot assays, the myelination of the CNS and the development of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo and in vitro were observed. Endocytosis assays, real-time-lapse experiments and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy were used to demonstrate the location and movement of proteolipid protein in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. In addition, the relevant molecular mechanism was explored by immunoprecipitation. The increase in Fluoromyelin Green staining and proteolipid protein expression was not significant in the corpus callosum of CathD(−/−) mice at the age of P11, P14 and P24. Proteolipid protein expression was weak at each time point and was mostly accumulated around the nucleus. The number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (olig2+) and mature oligodendrocytes (CC1+) significantly decreased between P14 and P24. In the oligodendrocyte precursor cell culture of CathD(−/−) mice, the morphology of myelin basic protein-positive mature oligodendrocytes was simple while oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed delayed differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, more proteolipid protein gathered in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) and fewer reached the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy analysis showed that CathD, proteolipid protein and VAMP7 could bind with each other, whereas VAMP7 and proteolipid protein colocalized with CathD in late endosome/lysosome. The findings of this paper suggest that CathD may have an important role in the myelination of CNS, presumably by altering the trafficking of proteolipid protein.
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Objective The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is complex and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study was to explore the effect of metformin on the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of type 2 DM rats and its anti-inflammation mechanism from the perspective of immune inflammation.Methods Forty SD male rats were equally randomized into four groups, normal diet, type 2 DM model, insulin treatment (DM+INS), and metformin treatment (DM+MET). The DM model was established in the latter three groups by feeding the rats on a diet of high fat and high glucose followed by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 30 mg/kg at the end of the 8th week. After modeling, the animals of the DM+INS and DM+MET groups were treated by hypodermic injection of insulin at 1 IU/d and intragastrical administration of metformin at 200 mg/(d·kg) respectively for 4 weeks. Then, the Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated, the content of serum IL-23 measured by ELISA, the expressions of AMPK, TLR4, MyD88 and NFκB in the skeletal muscle detected by Western blot, and the levels of MyD88 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA determined by RT-PCR.Results HOMA-IR was significantly elevated in the DM model, DM+INS and DM+MET groups as compared with that in the normal diet group (4.55±0.22, 4.32±0.32 and 1.79±0.15 vs 1.56±0.04, P<0.05), lower in the DM+MET than in either the DM model (P<0.05) or the DM+INS group (P<0.05). The content of serum IL-23 was also markedly increased in the DM model, DM+INS and DM+MET groups in comparison with that in the normal diet group (\[2.279±0.472\], \[1.886±0.233\] and \[1.205±0.398\] vs \[0.788±0.193\] μg/L, P<0.05), lower in the DM+MET than in either the DM model (P < 0.05) or the DM+INS group (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and serum IL-23 in both the DM model (r=0.716, P<0.05) and the DM+MET group (r=0.725, P<0.05). The levels of TLR4 mRNA, MyD88 mRNA, TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB were all increased in the DM model, DM+INS and DM+MET groups compared with those in the normal diet group (P<0.05), lower in the DM+INS and DM+MET than in the DM model (P<0.05), and even lower in the DM+MET than in the DM+INS group (P<0.05). The expression of AMPK in the skeletal muscle was remarkably upregulated in the M+MET group as compared with the other three groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Metformin acts against inflammation and improves insulin resistance by activating AMPK, inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle and down-regulating the expression of IL-23.
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Based on the summary information of 194 literatures of related fields in CNKI,the paper analyzes the overall development trend,main branches,and mature research topics of the building of health information management textbooks in China since the 21st century,reveals the existing problems at present,and puts forward the basic orientation and thinking of textbooks building in the current phase.
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BACKGROUND:Our preliminary findings have shown that stem cells have a certain effect on early formation of renal fibrosis and delay the occurrence of renal interstitial fibrosis.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of exogenous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation on the formation of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats,and to explore the dose-effect relationship.METHODS:Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups.Rats in sham operation group were injected with PBS;and those in the other four groups were ligated to establish the model of renal fibrosis.After successful modeling,the model group was injected with PBS,while low dose group,middle dose group and high dose group were injected with 1 ×107/L,2x107/L,3x107/L adipose-derived stem cell suspension (0.1 mL),respectively.Rats were killed 14 days after injection.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to observe the degree of renal tubular interstitial injury and the relative area of the renal interstitium.Expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin eosin staining:The model group showed typical glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes;the low,middle and high dose groups had a certain degree of glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes,but the severity of injury in these three groups,especially in the high dose group,was significantly milder than that in the model group.(2) Masson staining:In the model group,the renal interstitium was widened and the collagen fibers were deposited;in the low,middle and high dose groups,the degree of renal interstitial expansion was lower than that in the model group,and moreover,the degree of renal interstitial expansion in the middle and high dose groups was lower than that in the low dose group (P < 0.05).(3) Immunohistochemical staining:Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta1 in the model group was higher than that in the sham operation group (P < 0.05).Compared with the model group,significantly decreased expression of alphasmooth muscle actin was found in the high dose group (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced transforming growth factor beta1 expression was observed in the high,middle,and low dose groups (P < 0.05),especially in the middle and high dose groups.To conclude,exogenous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation can delay the formation of early renal fibrosis in a dose-effect manner,which may be realized by changing the signal pathway state induced by transforming growth factor beta1.