Postoperative effects of intra-alveolar application of 0.2% chlorhexidine or 1% hyaluronic acid bioadhesive gels after mandibular third molar extraction: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative effects of intra-alveolar applications of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHL) or 1% hyaluronic (HA) acid bioadhesive gels following the extraction of mandibular impacted third molars (MITMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 90 patients with one asymptomatic MITM were randomized into three group (n = 30 per group): group 1 (0.2% CHL), group 2 (1% HA), and group 3 (control). Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess postoperative pain 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days after surgery. Postsurgical complications were recorded: trismus, alveolitis osteitis, infection, or hematoma. RESULTS: In order from least to greatest, postoperative pain at all evaluation times was 0.2% CHL < 1% HA < control. At 24 h, statistically significant differences were found between both study groups and the control groups (0.2% CHL/control: P = 0.001; 1% HA/control: P = 0.010). At 48 and 72 h, significant differences were only found between 0.2% CHL and the control group (P = 0.229 and P = 0.046, respectively). At 7 days, no significant differences were found between any groups. Comparing the incidence of postoperative trismus, alveolitis osteitis, infection, or hematoma, although complications were more frequent in the control group, no statistical differences between groups were found (P > 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Both 0.2% CHL and 1% HA bioadhesive gels applied intra-alveolarly minimize the postoperative complications after MITM extraction. Further research is necessary to confirm the present results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study might help to reduce the postsurgical complications in patients after MITM extraction.

Immediate post-extraction implants placed in acute periapical infected sites with immediate prosthetic provisionalization: a 1-year prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported the outcomes of immediate placement at infected post-extraction sites. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of immediately placed implants with immediate prosthetic provisionalization in sockets with or without acute periapical pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients with immediately placed implants with immediate provisionalization and 1- year of follow up were included (50 patients with acute periapical pathology and a control group of 50 patients without acute periapical pathology). Clinical parameters (bleeding on probing, buccal keratinized mucosa width, clinical recession, and probing depth) and radiological parameters (distance from implant shoulder to first point of bone-to-implant contact [IS-BIC]) were assessed. RESULTS: Clinical parameters showed no significant differences between the study and control groups after 1-year follow up (p>0.05). IS-BIC presented the following values: 0.35 ± 0.51 mm (study group) and 0.15 ± 0.87 mm (control), without significant differences between the groups (p=0.160). None of the 50 radiographs of immediate implants placed in sockets with periapical pathology revealed retrograde peri-implantitis. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate placement of implants with immediate prosthetic provisionalization at sites with acute periapical pathology can be a successful treatment modality for at least 1-year.

Body image mediates the impact of pain on depressive symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with treatment manifestations that can cause changes in appearance, including skin rashes, alopecia, vitiligo, and scars. SLE has been shown to adversely impact body image outcomes, and previous research has identified that greater disease activity is associated with worse body image outcomes which, in turn, are associated with greater depressive symptoms. For patients with SLE who also experience significant pain, poor body image outcomes may further compromise wellbeing and lead to greater depressive symptoms. The role of pain in body image has not been explored in SLE. Thus, the present study examined whether body image (specifically, body image-related quality of life) serves as a mediator of the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms among patients with SLE. METHODS: Multiple mediation analysis was used to examine the hypothesis that body image-related quality of life mediates the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in a sample of patients with SLE (N = 135) from an urban region in Los Angeles, California. RESULTS: The sample was predominately female (92.6%) with a mean disease duration of approximately 17 years. Approximately one-quarter of the sample had elevated depressive symptoms. Body image-related quality of life was a significant mediator in the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms. The model accounted for 51% of the total variance in depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.51). CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study suggested that body image-related quality of life may mediate the effects of pain on depressive symptoms among patients with SLE.

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Distribution of Phytoplasmas Associated with Potato Purple Top Disease in Mexico.

Potato purple top (PPT) disease has caused severe economic losses in some potato (Solanum tuberosum) growing areas of Mexico. Two distinct phytoplasma strains belonging to the aster yellows and peanut witches'-broom groups (16SrI and 16SrII groups) have been associated with PPT disease in several regions of Mexico. However, there has been no previous large-scale survey in the main potato growing areas in Mexico to analyze the diversity and geographical distribution of phytoplasmas. Potato samples were collected between 2003 and 2006 and were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. On the basis of results from nucleotide sequence comparisons and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA, four different phytoplasma groups were detected in potato growing areas in Mexico. The aster yellows group (16SrI) 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' was distributed in all potato growing areas, whereas peanut witches'-broom group (16SrII) 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' was detected in Guanajuato and Sinaloa, X-disease group (16SrIII) was detected in Coahuila and Guanajuato, and the Mexican periwinkle virescence (16SrXIII) was only detected in Sinaloa. Phytoplasmas from X-disease and Mexican periwinkle virescence groups were detected in potato samples for the first time in Mexico.

Polyurethane contraceptive vaginal sponge: product modifications resulting from user experience.

A preliminary study of a new contraceptive vaginal sponge containing the spermicide nonoxynol -9 (N-9), was undertaken to assess acceptability of the method among a group of sexually active volunteers in Mexico City. Numerous modifications of the product and its packaging resulted from user experience and feedback to the physicians and bioengineers conducting the study. Although determining efficacy of the sponge was not an objective, it quickly became clear that spermicide is a crucial component of the intravaginal sponge contraceptive system; a high incidence of pregnancies led us to increase the spermicide level from 10% to 20%, then to the current 30% of dry sponge weight, or about 1.0 gram per sponge. (It should be noted that the high pregnancy rates were consistent with our experience using other vaginal contraceptive methods in the same clinic population). This initial evaluation of the contraceptive sponge has resulted in significant modification which should increase its acceptability to a small but important group of contracepting women. The sponge is currently being evaluated by the International Fertility Research Program (IFRP) in multicentered comparative clinical trials to determine use-effectiveness and acceptability in various cultures.

PIP: 3 versions of a new polyurethane contraceptive vaginal sponge (Collatex and Secure) containing the spermicide nonoxynol-9 were tested in a preliminary clinical study among 121 sexually active volunteers in Mexico City over a 20-month period. 9 pregnancies occurred among 72 women using Sponge I; 9 among the 32 using Sponge II; and 4 among the 34 using Sponge III. The main findings were: the need to increase the weight of the spermicide from 10 to 20 and finally to 30% of dry sponge weight (1.0 gm/sponge); molding a removal loop to the edge of the sponge; using a white instead of a yellow colored sponge; limiting use to 10 washings on alternate days; and dampening the sponge slightly before insertion for quicker release of the spermicide. A reusable single unit kit was provided for storage. Sponge IV, a modified Sponge III, is now undergoing a multicenter international clinical assessment under International Fertility Research Program sponsorship. 2440 women in 12 developed and developing countries are using Sponge IV in comparison with foam, foaming tablets, and diaphragms with jelly to determine use-effectiveness and acceptability in various cultures. An indentation in 1 side of Sponge IV improves retention and permits it to rest deeper in the vagina to decrease partner complaints. It folds upon removal, making insertion and removal more convenient.

Serum lipid levels before and after vasectomy in men.

The blood lipid profile was determined in sixty-two men, 24 to 62 years old, before and two, six and twelve months after surgical occlusion of the vas deferens. No statistically significant differences were found in mean body weight, blood pressure, serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and alpha, beta and prebeta fractions of the lipoproteins, which were measured before and after surgery. When the serum levels of the alpha and beta fractions were considered in the same subject, it was observed that 12 months after vasectomy a similar percentage of cases showed a predominance of either one of them. Hence, no modifications on the lipid profile of these subjects were found that could indicate an increased risk of arteriosclerotic disease.

[Effect of the harvest season on the composition of raw and fermented cotyledons of 2 varieties of cacao and shell fractions]. / Efecto de la época de cosecha sobre la composición de cotiledones crudos y fermentados de dos variedades de cacao y fracciones de cascarilla.

A study was carried out wherein during the period August 1979 to January 1980, samples of raw and fermented cacao were analyzed monthly. These included two varieties: Arriba, taken from a farm in "Quevedo", and the EET-19, grown in "Pichilingüe" by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP). Taking the ear of cacao as a basis, the weight of its main parts was determined. The proximal composition was established in the cotyledons, with significant statistical differences in regard to moisture, protein, and ether extract content according to the month of harvest. As to the fermentation process, differences in moisture, ether extract and ash content were detected; differences in the ether extract and ash content were found between the two varieties. The fat extracted from the cotyledons presented different iodine, saponification and acidity index values between the raw and fermented samples, but none were determined between the varieties; as far as the month of harvest is concerned, differences in the acidity index were observed. The percentage composition of the main fatty acids is reported (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids). In order to suggest possible industrial ways of utilizing the cacao shell by-product which is discarded by the shelling machine, the chemical characteristics of five fractions were determined based on the functioning of the shelling machine. The moisture, protein, ether extract, ash, crude fiber, theobromine, and caffeine contents varied among the fractions, and it was dependent on the broken "nibs" content. Differences in the protein, ether extract, and ash content, according to the months of production, were found. Obviously, the high fat content in fractions A (fine dust) and B (fine ground), which varied from 30 to 11 g/100 g, merits its extraction; the remainder meal has a valuable protein and alkaloid content. The chemical characteristics of the fat extracted from the shell of two fractions were similar to the fat extracted from the cotyledons.

El uso de las Nuevas Tecnologías (internet, redes sociales, videojuegos) en jóvenes: un estudio con población canaria / Use of New Technologies (Internet, social networks, videogames) by young people: a study with a Canary Island population

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) han cambiado el mundo. Sabemos de sus ventajas: velocidad, accesibilidad, superación de barreras, intercomunicación en tiempo real en cualquier lugar, entre otras. Sin embargo, este avance tecnológico también tiene sus peligros: el mal uso, la posible adicción, riesgo de prácticas como el cy-berbullying, el grooming, suplantación de identidad, entre otros. Prácticas que en vez de potenciar al ser humano lo puede incluso destruir. En este trabajo se presentan los principales resultados de un estudio descriptivo sobre uso que hacen de las TICs, jóvenes residentes en la Comunidad Canaria. Para ello fueron entrevistados un total de 6134 jóvenes (entre 12 y 17 años) afincados en las 7 islas del archipiélago. Se exponen resultados (porcentajes y Chi cuadrado) sobre el uso de internet, teléfono móvil, videojuegos y apuestas en línea de la muestra estudiada. Estos resultados pretenden contribuir a describir los patrones de uso de las TIC en población juvenil, así como a establecer los límites entre el uso y el mal uso de estas tecnologías

New information and communication technologies (ICT) have changed the world. Their advantages are well known: speed, accessibility, overcoming barriers, intercommunication in real time anywhere, etc. These technological advances nevertheless also have their dangers: misuse, possible addiction, risks such as cyberbullying, grooming, identity impersonation, etc., Instead of empowering the human being, these practices can even destroy him. The present work is a descriptive study of the use of ICT (Information and communication technology) by young people living in the Canary Islands. A total of 6134 teenagers (from 12 to 17 years old) settled on the seven islands of the archipelago were interviewed. Results (percentages and Chi square) are presented on the use of the Internet, mobile phone, videogames and online bets. These results are intended to help to clarify the boundaries between the use and abuse of these technologies

The development and implementation of a quality assurance Master Audit Plan.

As a quality assurance (QA) department for a clinical research organization, QA conducts audit activities for clinical trials managed by our organization and acts as an independent QA group for several other companies. A quality assurance/regulatory compliance Master Audit Plan is developed for each study or each audit if the audit is an independent task. The Master Audit Plan designed for a specific clinical study consists of a combination of several QA activities designed to ensure quality and regulatory compliance, to define timelines, and to identify personnel. These activities may include the review of the regulatory documents for each investigative site prior to the shipping of test article (test article release), review of informed consent, review of internal sponsor study files, and clinical site audits. Results of audit activities conducted under the Master Audit Plan for several clinical studies have been compiled for three of the major QA tasks. These include test article release, informed consent review, and site audits. A review of regulatory document files for test article release indicated that 13% required additional documents or correction of submitted documents. A review of informed consents found that 32% required revision. Site audit activities indicated that the clinical sites were, in general, adhering to Federal regulations and GCP guidelines. Observations noted at sites tended to fall into the categories of test article accountability issues, regulatory document additions or revisions, and quality control issues.

[Determination of fructose, proteins, oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminase in the seminal plasma of vasectomized patients]. / Determinación de fructosa, proteínas, transaminase glutámico oxalacética y transaminasa glutámico pirúvica en plasma seminal de sujetos vasectomizados

Measurement of concentrations of fructose, proteins, oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases in seminal plasma were performed in a group of 20 normal males, 30 to 40 years old, subjected to vasectomy. There were no statistically significant differences among the values obtained before and 6 months after the vasectomy. In consecuence it is concluded that bilateral occlusion of the vas deferens do not modify the androgenic function of the testis, and that certain enzymes like glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transminases are not incorporated to the semen by the testis but rather by the prostate and/or by the seminal vesicles.

PIP: Fructose, proteins, and glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases (GOT and GPT) were measured in the saminal plasma in a group of 20 normal males, 30-40 years old, subjected to vasectomy. The differences between the values obtained before and 6 months after the vasectomy were statistically insignificant. Therefore, it is concluded that the androgenic function of the testis is unaffected by the bilatera l occlusion of the vas deferens, and that certain enzymes, such as GOT a nd GPT, are incorporated in the semen by the prostate and/or by the seminal vesicles, rather than by the testis. The study reports for the 1st time the average concentrations of GPT in the seminal plasma of normal subjects.

Single blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of naproxen gel compared with diclophenac emulgel in the treatment of soft tissue injuries.

Sixty four adult patients of both genders with injuries such as contusions and sprains were studied. Of these, 34 were treated with 10% naproxen gel and 30 with 1% dichlophenaco gel topically given for 4 days. Various pain modalities, edema and functional alterations of areas involved were studied. Naproxen reduced spontaneous pain slightly better than dichlophenaco. Both drugs resulted in significant reduction of other pain modalities, edema and functional alterations (p < 0.001). A lower percentage (29%) of naproxen patients used paracetamol as additional pain reliever compared to dichlophenaco patients (36%). Local adverse events were minimum for both groups.

[Computerized tomography of craniopharyngiomas. Therapeutic consequences]. / Analyse tomodensitométrique des craniopharyngiomes. Incidences thérapeutiques.

An analysis was made of the results of C.T. scanning in 43 patients with craniopharyngiomas. Filling of the suprasellar cisternae was observed in most cases, together with dilatation of the lateral ventricles. The appearances of the tumor before and after intravenous injection of the contrast medium are described and the frequency with wich calcification, cysts, and lipid densities were noted is reported. Regular C.T. scanning can define operative indications for craniopharyngiomas as a function of the results obtained.

Uraco: anomalias del desarrollo, caracteristicas anatomicas y presentacion de dos casos

Urachal anomalies are infrequent, especially in adult patients, nevertheless their presentation must be well known. We present two cases with complicated urachal anomalies: a vesicourachal diverticulum and a urachal cyst. We will discuss their embriologic and anatomic characteristics, as well as their complications.

Las anomalías uracales son poco frecuentes especialmente en adultos, sin embargo, su forma de manifestarse debe conocerse. Presentamos dos casos de anomalías uracales complicadas: un divertículo y un quiste uracal. Se discuten las características embriológicas, ana-tómicas y complicaciones.