[Intensive hospital monitoring of Shuxuening injection in 30 209 cases].

In order to obtain the characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions of Shuxuening injection (Xingxue), the design method of a multi-center, large sample intensive monitoring in the hospitals was adopted. The hospitalized patients with use of Shuxuening injection from 27 medical institutions were enrolled as the research subjects to monitor their entire process of treatment cycle. The main content of monitoring included the patients' general information, diagnostic information, medication information, and adverse event information. A total of 30 209 patients with Shuxuening injection were enrolled; adverse reactions occurred in 34 cases, with an incidence of 0.113%, which belonged to the rare adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were characterized by headache, dizziness, pruritus, palpitations, nausea, et al. All the above results showed that Xingxue Shuxuening injection had high safety in clinical application.

[Clinical medication characteristics of Shuxuening injection in treatment of cerebral infarction research based on registration].

To understand the medication characteristics of Xingxue@Shuxuening solutions in the real world, multi-center, large-sample-size registration design method is adopted in this study. Between October 2012 and October 2015, hospitalized patients in 27 medical institutions who used Shuxuening and diagnosed as cerebral infarction were observed, including their general information, diagnosis information and medication information. Totally 9 473 cases of cerebral infarction were included, with old people as the majority, and males were slightly more men than females; they were complicated with coronary heart disease, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency, transient brain ischemia and other cerebrovascular diseases; the medication duration was mostly within 14 days; the dosage was mainly 8-20 mL; 0.9%NS, 5%GS were the main solvent; commonly used drug combination was Ozagrel sodium injection, Shuxuetong injection, Alprostadil injection and other medicines for inhibiting platelet aggregation and blood vessel dilatation, and Cytidine diphosphate choline injection, Edaravone injection, Oxiracetam injection and other brain protective agents. The above results indicate that the clinical medication characteristics of Shuxuening are basically consistent with the package insert, except for the solvent; combined medicine is dominated by antiplatelet drugs; for old patients, various anticoagulant drugs shall selected according to their specific conditions to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.

[HIS-based analysis of clinical characteristics and combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths].

To understand the clinical characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths, the hospitalization information of diabetes deaths from HIS system of 20 national 3A-grade general hospitals. Then the frequency statistics and association rules analysis were used to analyze the general information, complications, combined treatment, death time and other information of the patients died from diabetes. The results showed that most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. The complications with higher incidence included hypertension, pulmonary infection, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and renal inadequacy. In combined treatment rules, western medicines insulin, cefuroxime, furosemide, dopamine, nikethamide and sodium bicarbonate were used in combination at highest frequencies, followed by the combinations of traditional Chinese medicines panax notoginseng, radix bupleuri and western medicines, and the combinations between Chinese medicines had the lowest use frequency. Most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. They mainly died from 3 pm to 5 pm and from 5 pm to 7 pm. Therefore, the diabetes deaths often had complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and early prevention shall be noted in clinics; the clinical treatment plan was basically in accordance with the guidelines for clinical treatment of diabetes; the drugs with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and soothing liver-qi stagnation effects were the common Chinese medicines in treatment of diabetes.

An investigation of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in a comprehensive hospital of East China.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the drug resistant gene profiles and molecular typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from clinical specimens in a comprehensive hospital, Jiangsu province. METHODS: This study included 120 patients in a comprehensive hospital with drug-resistant A. baumannii infections on clinical specimens from October 2011 to December 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by Vitek 2 Compact system. OXA-51, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SHV, GES, TEM, AmpC, qacEΔ1-sul1, intI l, CarO, aac(6')-Ib, and aac(6')-II were analyzed by PCR. The analysis of molecular typing for 50 multidrug resistant A. baumannii isolates was performed by PFGE. RESULTS: A total of 64(53%) isolates were multidrug-resistant A.baumannii. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the resistant rates to common antibiotics of mutidrug-resistant A. baumannii were extremely high, most of which over 60%. One hundred and ten isolates harbored OXA-51 (91.7%), 100 for OXA-23(83.3%), 103 for VIM-1(85.8%), 90 for AmpC(75.00%), 50 for aac(6')-Ib(41.7%), 77 for the loss of CarO (64.2%), 85 for intl1(70.8%), and 64 for qacEΔ1-sul1(53.33%), while OXA-24 was undetected. Fifty multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates belong to 14 clones according to the PFGE DNA patterns. Main clone A includes 24 isolates, while clone B and clone C includes 6 and 9 isolates, respectively and others with no common source identified. CONCLUSION: There is high morbidity of A. baumannii infections in the hospital, especially in ICU and sputum is the most common sample type.The mainly drug-resistant genes of A. baumannii are OXA-51, OXA-23, and VIM-1 in the hospital. Clonal dissemination provides evidence for the prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii among clinical isolates. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for effective control and prevention measures.

Specific TCR profiles predict clinical outcome of adjuvant EGFR-TKIs for resected EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: ADJUVANT-CTONG1104 reported a favorable survival outcome from adjuvant gefitinib treatment over chemotherapy in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, heterogeneous benefit from EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy demands further biomarker exploration for patient selection. Previously, we identified certain TCR sequences with predictive value for adjuvant therapies from the CTONG1104 trial and found a relationship between the TCR repertoire and genetic variations. It remains unknown which TCR sequences could further enhance the prediction for only adjuvant EGFR-TKI. METHODS: In this study, 57 tumor and 12 tumor-adjacent samples, respectively, from gefitinib-treated patients in the CTONG1104 were collected for TCR ß gene sequencing. We attempted to constitute a predictive model for prognosis and favorable adjuvant EGFR-TKI outcome for patients with early-stage NSCLC and EGFR mutations. RESULTS: The TCR rearrangements demonstrated significant prediction for overall survival (OS). A combined model of high frequent Vß7-3Jß2-5 and Vß24-1Jß2-1 with lower frequent Vß5-6Jß2-7 and Vß28Jß2-2 constituted the best value for predicting OS (P < 0.001; Hazard Ratio [HR] = 9.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27 to 41.12) or DFS (P = 0.02; HR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.13 to 6.03). In Cox regression analyses, when multiple clinical data were included, the risk score remained an independent prognostic predictor for OS (P = 0.003; HR = 9.49; 95% CI: 2.21 to 40.92) and DFS (P = 0.015; HR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.25 to 7.87). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a predictive model was constituted with specific TCR sequences for prognosis prediction and gefitinib benefit in the ADJUVANT-CTONG1104 trial. We provide a potential immune biomarker for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who might benefit from an adjuvant EGFR-TKI.

Lipidomics Profiling Reveals Serum Phospholipids Associated with Albuminuria in Early Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Early screening and administration of DKD are beneficial for renal outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients. However, the current early diagnosis using the albuminuria/creatine ratio (ACR) contains limitations. This study aimed to compare serum lipidome variation between type 2 diabetes and early DKD patients with increased albuminuria through an untargeted lipidomics method to explore the potential lipid biomarkers for DKD identification. 92 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: DM group (ACR < 3 mg/mmol, n = 49) and early DKD group (3 mg/mmol ≤ ACR < 30 mg/mmol, n = 43). Fasting serum was analyzed through an ultraperformance liquid mass spectrometry tandem chromatography system (LC-MS). Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to filter differentially depressed lipids. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the diagnostic capability of potential lipid biomarkers. We found that serum phospholipids including phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were significantly upregulated in the DKD group and were highly correlated with the ACR. In addition, a panel of two phospholipids including PS(27:0)-H and PS(30:2e)-H showed good performance to help clinical lipids in early DKD identification, which increased the area under the curve (AUC) from 0.568 to 0.954. The study exhibited the serum lipidome variation in early DKD patients, and the increased phospholipids might participate in the development of albuminuria. The panel of PS(27:0)-H and PS(30:2e)-H could be a potential biomarker for DKD diagnosis.

[Analysis of proteins, amino acids and inorganic elements in Holotrichia diomphalia from different areas].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content of proteins,amino acids and inorganic elements of Holotrichia diomphalia in different growing areas as the references for quality evaluation and reasonable application of them. METHODS: The contents of proteins were determined using semi-micro Kjeldahl method. The contents of seventeen amino acids and inorganic elements were determined with amino acid analyzer and atomic absorption spectrometer and elemental analyzer, respectively. RESULTS: The contents of protein were 33.4%-44.4%, and that in Jiangxi were the highest in five different areas. There were seventeen kinds of amino acids in Holotrichia diomphalia. Among them, seven amino acids were essential to human life. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in seventeen amino acids. In inorganic elements, the content of Mg, Ca was higher in macroelements and Fe, Zn was higher in microelements. CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of necessary amino acids and inorganic elements for man kind in Holotrichia diomphalia. The contents of proteins, amino acids and inorganic elements have some difference in Holotrichia diomphalia of different growing areas.

[Effects of exogenous growth regulators on plant elongation and carbohydrate consumption of rice seedlings under submergence.] / å¤–æºè°ƒèŠ‚å‰‚å¯¹æ·¹æ¶æ°´ç¨»å¹¼è‹—æ ªé«˜åŠç¢³æ°´åŒ–åˆç‰©æ¶ˆè€—çš„å½±å“.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous regulators on plant elongation and carbohydrate consumption of rice seedlings under submergence. IR64 and IR64-Sub1 with submergence tolerance gene Sub1 were used. Twenty-day-old seedlings were sprayed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), paclobutrazol (PB), gibberellic acid (GA), or distilled water (as control) two days prior to the submergence. Plants were completely submerged and water depth was maintained for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 days respectively in tanks. The plants were allowed to recover for seven days after submergence. We investigated the effects of ACC, PB, and GA on the survival percentage, shoot elongation, chlorophyll degradation and recovery, as well as non-structure carbohydrate (NSC) consumption. The results showed that complete submergence resulted in significant elongation of plant shoots, rapid decline of SPAD, and quick depletion of soluble sugars in leaves. However, the initial NSC content in shoots of IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64, and the consumption rate during submergence was lower, and the starch content in shoots maintained after submergence was higher. PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by reducing plant elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumption, and the effect of PB pretreatment on IR64-Sub1 was more pronounced. Conversely, GA increased plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSC, which resulted in the lowest recovery capability and survival percentage. However, the inhibition of GA on submergence tolerance of IR64-Sub1 was much poorer compared with IR64. Plant elongation treated by ACC was much lower than by GA. In conclusion, PB could restrain plant elongation effectively, retarding chlorophyll degradation, decelerating NSC consumption and retaining more NSC after de-submergence. The results suggested that PB could increase rapid recovery of rice after submergence stress which was of significance in alleviating flood and waterlogging injury in flash-flood-prone areas.

Porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein induces unfolded protein response with subsequent activation of apoptosis.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has recently been reported to elicit the unfolded protein response (UPR) via activation of the PERK/eIF2α (RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) pathway. This study attempted to examine which viral protein might be involved in inducing UPR and whether this cellular event would lead to apoptosis of the cells expressing the viral protein. By transient expression, we found that both replicase (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins of PCV2 could induce ER stress as shown by increased phosphorylation of PERK with subsequent activation of the eIF2α-ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4)-CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) axis. Cap expression, but not Rep, significantly reduced anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and increased caspase-3 cleavage, possibly due to increased expression of CHOP. Since knockdown of PERK by RNA interference clearly reduced Cap-induced CHOP expression, caspase-3 cleavage, and apoptotic cell death possibly by partially rescuing Bcl-2 expression, we propose that there is connection between Cap-induced UPR and apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/Bcl-2 pathway. This study, together with our earlier studies, provides insight into the mechanisms underlying PCV2 pathogenesis.

[Response of indica rice spikelet differentiation and degeneration to air temperature and solar radiation of different sowing dates]. / ç±¼ç¨»é¢–èŠ±åˆ†åŒ–ä¸Žé€€åŒ–å¯¹ä¸åŒæ’­æœŸæ¸©å ‰çš„å“åº”.

In this study, three rice varieties, including three-line hybrid indica rice Wuyou308 and Tianyouhuazhan, and inbred indica rice Huanghuazhan were used to investigate the effects of air temperature and solar radiation on rice growth duration and spikelet differentiation and degeneration. Ten sowing-date treatments were conducted in this field experiment. The results showed that the growth duration of three indica rice varieties were more sensitive to air temperature than to day-length. With average temperature increase of 1 ℃, panicle initiation advanced 1.5 days, but the panicle growth duration had no significant correlation with the temperature and day-length. The number of spikelets and differentiated spikelets revealed significant differences among different sowing dates. Increases in average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, effective accumulated temperature, temperature gap and the solar radiation benefited dry matter accumulation and spikelet differentiation of all varieties. With increases of effective accumulated temperature, diurnal temperature gap and solar radiation by 50 ℃, 1 ℃, 50 MJ·m-2 during panicle initiation stage, the number of differentiated spikelets increased 10.5, 14.3, 17.1 respectively. The rate of degenerated spikelets had a quadratic correlation with air temperature, extreme high and low temperature aggravated spikelets degeneration, and low temperature stress made worse effect than high temperature stress. The rate of spikelet degeneration dramatically rose with the temperature falling below the critical temperature, the critical effective accumulated temperature, daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature during panicle initiation were 550-600 ℃, 24.0-26.0 ℃, 32.0-34.0 ℃, 21.0-23.0 ℃, respectively. In practice, the natural condition of appropriate high temperature, large diurnal temperature gap and strong solar radiation were conducive to spikelet differentiation, and hindered the spikelet degeneration.

Low pH-induced changes of antioxidant enzyme and ATPase activities in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.

Soil acidification is the main problem in the current rice production. Here, the effects of low pH on the root growth, reactive oxygen species metabolism, plasma membrane functions, and the transcript levels of the related genes were investigated in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) in a hydroponic system at pH 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. There were two hybrid rice cultivars in this trial, including Yongyou 12 (YY12, a japonica hybrid) and Zhongzheyou 1 (ZZY1, an indica hybrid). Higher H+ activity markedly decreased root length, the proportion of fine roots, and dry matter production, but induced a significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and led to serious lipid peroxidation in the roots of the two varieties. The transcript levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu/Zn SOD1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 (Cu/Zn SOD2), catalase A (CATA) and catalase B (CATB) genes in YY12 and ZZY1 roots were significantly down-regulated after low pH exposure for two weeks. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of the P-type Ca2+-ATPases in roots at pH 3.5. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-ATPase in the two varieties were dramatically inhibited by strong rhizosphere acidification. However, the expression levels of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) and PM H+-ATPase isoform 7 were up-regulated under H+ stress compared with the control. Significantly higher activities of APX and PM H+-ATPase could contribute to the adaptation of rice roots to low pH.

Tetrandrine suppresses human glioma growth by inhibiting cell survival, proliferation and tumour angiogenesis through attenuating STAT3 phosphorylation.

Tetrandrine (Tet), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been reported to possess anti-tumour activity. However, its effects on human glioma remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Tet inhibited human glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. It has been hypothesised that Tet inhibits glioma growth by affecting glioma cell survival, proliferation and vasculature in and around the xenograft tumour in the chick CAM model and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated these activities. Therefore, we conducted a detailed analysis of the inhibitory effects of Tet on cell survival using a TUNEL assay and flow cytometric analysis; on cell proliferation based on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen; and on angiogenesis using a CAM anti-angiogenesis assay. We used western blotting to investigate the role of STAT3 on the anti-glioma activities of Tet. The results revealed that Tet inhibited survival and proliferation in human glioma cells, impaired tumour angiogenesis and decreased the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and its downstream proteins. In sum, our data indicate that STAT3 is involved in Tet-induced the regression of glioma growth by activating tumour cell apoptosis, inhibiting glioma cell proliferation and inhibiting angiogenesis.

[Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on active oxygen metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings under cadmium stress].

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the active oxygen metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings under Cd stress. The results showed that under the stress, applying 100 micromol x L(-1) SNP promoted the activities of plant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly, increased the leaf- and root calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents and the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), transpiration rate (T(r)), and stomatal conductance (G(s)), and decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA and the concentration of intercellular CO2 (C(i)). The addition of hemoglobin, a NO scavenger, eliminated the effects of SNP, while applying 100 micromol x L(-1) sodium nitrate or nitrite (the decomposition products of NO or its donor SNP) or 100 micromol x L(-1) sodium ferrocyanide (an analog of SNP) had no significant alleviation effects on Cd stress. This study suggested that exogenous NO could promote the scavenging of reactive oxygen, keep the mineral nutrition in balance, and alleviate the damage of Cd stress to the leaf photosynthetic apparatus, making the tomato seedlings preserve their photosynthetic efficiency.