"You only live twice": multidisciplinary management of catastrophic case in placenta Accreta Spectrum-a case report.

BACKGROUND: Placenta percreta is associated with high hemorrhagic risk and can be complicated with fatal thromboembolic events. Involving a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of these patients is mandatory to reduce morbidity and mortality. CASE PRESENTATION: This paper reports the case of a 22-year-old patient with placenta percreta who was referred to our tertiary care center for delivery. Few hours after undergoing a successful cesarean hysterectomy, the patient developed a pulmonary embolism and cardiac arrest. A transthoracic echocardiogram done in the intensive care unit (ICU) showed a thrombus in the right ventricle. After cardiac resuscitation, the patient underwent an urgent thoracotomy and a pulmonary artery thrombectomy; many clots were retrieved from the pulmonary artery. After weaning from extracorporeal circulation, an intraoperative transesophageal cardiac ultrasound enabled the medical team to detect a new free-floating thrombus in the right atrium and right ventricle, and consequently to perform an embolectomy and prevent the patient's death. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary team in treating high-risk obstetric cases that could be complicated with massive and fatal thromboembolic events. The use of intraoperative transthoracic echocardiography helps in detecting a new thrombus and guides the anesthesiologist in the intra-operative monitoring.

Patient-specific CFD simulation of intraventricular haemodynamics based on 3D ultrasound imaging.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this paper is to present a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model with moving boundaries to study the intraventricular flows in a patient-specific framework. Starting from the segmentation of real-time transesophageal echocardiographic images, a CFD model including the complete left ventricle and the moving 3D mitral valve was realized. Their motion, known as a function of time from the segmented ultrasound images, was imposed as a boundary condition in an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework. RESULTS: The model allowed for a realistic description of the displacement of the structures of interest and for an effective analysis of the intraventricular flows throughout the cardiac cycle. The model provides detailed intraventricular flow features, and highlights the importance of the 3D valve apparatus for the vortex dynamics and apical flow. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method could describe the haemodynamics of the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The methodology might therefore be of particular importance in patient treatment planning to assess the impact of mitral valve treatment on intraventricular flow dynamics.

Imaging diagnosis--transesophageal ultrasound-guided removal of a migrating grass awn foreign body in a dog.

A 3-year-old English Setter dog was presented for an acute onset of coughing. Tracheobronchoscopic examination allowed localization and removal of one grass awn foreign body. A second migrated grass awn was suspected to be present in the left caudal lung lobe. Transesophageal ultrasound revealed an area of pulmonary consolidation in the dorsomedial portion of left caudal lobe and a linear hyperechoic structure consistent with a grass awn foreign body within the area of consolidation. Transesophageal ultrasonography was also used to provide anatomical landmarks that facilitated successful thoracoscopic removal of the foreign body.

Efficacy and safety of transesophageal ultrasound-guided patent foramen ovale closure for migraine in adolescents.

Objective: This retrospective analysis aims to assess the efficacy of transesophageal ultrasound-guided patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in treating migraine in adolescents and compare the therapeutic outcomes of PFO closure for migraine with and without aura. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 86 cases of adolescents (12-20 years old) who underwent PFO closure for migraine at our institution over the past 3 years. The efficacy was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), headache impact test (HIT)-6, and pediatric migraine disability assessment (PedMIDAS) scores, as well as by assessing the monthly frequency of migraine attacks, duration of each attack, and overall migraine burden. The patients were divided into two groups: an aura group (55 cases) and a non-aura group (31 cases) to investigate difference in therapeutic efficacy between the groups. The effect of residual shunt on migraine burden was assessed. Results: Among the 86 patients, 46 (54%) experienced complete remission of migraine, while 71 (83%) achieved a >50% reduction in migraine burden during the one-year follow-up period. Patients in the aura group showed more significant improvements in VAS, HIT-6, and PedMIDAS scores, as well as in monthly migraine attack frequency, duration of each attack, and overall migraine burden, than patients in the non-aura group. Moreover, patients with residual shunt did not exhibit statistically significant differences in therapeutic efficacy compared to patients with complete closure. Conclusion: PFO closure can effectively alleviate migraine symptoms in adolescents with migraine with concomitant PFO. The therapeutic efficacy is particularly pronounced for migraine with aura. Furthermore, minor levels of residual shunt have no effect on the improvement in migraine symptoms.

An exceptional complication of transesophageal ultrasound in a patient with Coronavirus disease.

EP after TEE represents a medico-surgical emergency. Given the high rate of asymptomatic patients with COVID 19, the risk of contamination and the frailty of esophageal tissues, we should check coronavirus infection in every patient before TEE.

Utilidad de la ecocardiografía transesofágica en la cirugía de válvula mitral / Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in mitral valve surgery / Utilidade do ecocardiograma transesofágico na cirurgia da válvula mitral

El siguiente trabajo detalla un enfoque integral para la evaluación y el manejo intraoperatorio de la cirugía en la válvula mitral. Los avances tecnológicos han hecho de esta técnica un instrumento fundamental en el manejo intraoperatorio de estos pacientes. Las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas de reparación de la válvula mitocondrial han determinado que el abordaje ecotransesofágico bi-dimensional se ha convertido en un examen de rutina, sin embargo, el advenimiento del ultrasonido tridimensional (3D) nos ha permitido aprender más sobre la anatomía funcional de la regurgitación de la válvula mitral, el mecanismo fisiopatológico predominante, y realizar evaluaciones en tiempo real de los resultados de una reparación o reemplazo quirúrgico. Estas contribuciones han contribuido a la capacidad de toma de decisiones de los equipos quirúrgicos, resultando en una mayor tasa de éxito para la reparación de la válvula mitral y una reducción de las complicaciones quirúrgicas.

The following work details an integral approach to the evaluation and intraoperative management of surgery on the mitral valve. Advances in technology have made this technique a fundamental instrument in the intraoperative management of these patients. The new surgical techniques of mitochondrial valve repair have determined that the bi-dimensional ecotransesophageal approach has become a routine examination, however, the advent of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D) has allowed us to learn more about the functional anatomy of the mitral valve's regurgitation, the predominant pathophysiological mechanism, and to conduct real-time evaluations of the results of a surgical repair or replacement. These contributions have contributed to surgical teams' decision-making capabilities, resulting in a greater success rate for mitral valve repair and a reduction of surgical complications.

O seguinte trabalho, faz uma abordagem integral da avaliação e manipulação intraoperatória da cirurgia na valva mitral. Os avanços na tecnologia tem feito dessa técnica um instrumento fundamental na manipulação intraoperatória desses pacientes. As novas técnicas cirúrgicas de reparação valvar mitral determinaram que a ecocardiografía transesofágica bidimensional tornou se um exame de rotina, no entanto o ultrassom tridimensional (3d) nos permitiu saber mais sobre a anatomia funcional da valva mitral, o mecanismo fisiopatológico predominante, assim como a avaliação em tempo real dos resultados da reparação ou substituição cirúrgica. Essas contribuições tem contribuído para a toma de decisões da equipe cirúrgica resultando numa maior taxa de sucesso de plastias da válvula mitral, assim como uma redução nas complicações cirúrgicas.