Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma after Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy Combined with Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis is one of the most important methods for deep venous thrombosis treatment. Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma is a remarkably rare complication in the thrombolysis process with catastrophic consequences, as shown in this case report. METHODS: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, percutaneous angioplasty, and catheter-directed thrombolysis were performed for the patient. Postoperatively, the patient was diagnosed with spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma and received a series of medical treatments and surgical interventions. RESULTS: The patient was still paraplegic and incontinent at the postoperative 7-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic symptoms must be monitored carefully both during and after the thrombolysis procedure. The onset of spinal neurologic deficits in any patient must raise the suspicion that a spinal subdural hematoma has occurred. Surgical decompression beyond 24 hr may cause permanent neurological damage.

Acute Intracranial and Spinal Subdural Hematoma Associated with Vardenafil.

A 28-year-old healthy man was admitted to our hospital because of right-sided headache, vomiting, and lower back pain after the administration of vardenafil. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a small, right-sided, subdural hematoma. A lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed a longitudinally extended subdural hematoma. He had no history of trauma. We speculated that vardenafil might have had an association with the bleeding. Several reports have suggested a relationship between phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our case suggested that there may also be risks of bleeding into the subdural space. Although headache and nausea are common side effects of vardenafil, hemorrhagic diseases should also be considered when symptoms are severe or prolonged.

[Abducens nerve palsy due to postraumatic retroclival and spinal subdural hematoma: case report and literature review]. / Paresia VI par craneal por hematoma subdural retroclival y espinal postraumatico: presentacin de un caso y revision de la literatura.

INTRODUCTION: Retroclival posttraumatic hematomas are extremely rare and almost exclusive to childhood. Only one case of retroclival subdural hematoma has been reported in the literature to date. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old boy suffered a severe head injury with cervical hyperextension as the result of a bicycle accident. On admission his initial Glasgow Coma Score was 13 and he had diplopia due to right palsy of the VI nerve. A retroclival subdural hematoma was observed by CT and MRI of the craneovertebral junction. Management was conservative and a rigid collar was placed. Palsy of VI nerve recovered spontaneously at 6 days and at discharge the patient had only cervical pain. Follow up at 3 months after the accident showed clinical and radiological resolution. CONCLUSION: Traumatic retroclival hematomas are mainly a pediatric entity due to immaturity of the cranio-cervical junction. Treatment consists of placement of a rigid collar although clinical progression may require surgical evacuation.

Difficulties diagnosing spinal subdural hemorrhage in a hypo-coagulated patient due to simultaneous symptomatic subdural cranial hemorrhage.

A hypo-coagulated 58-year-old female complained of headaches right after being exposed to the first pressure waves generated during an exhibition of fireworks. The day after she presented with seizures and the CT scan showed subdural hemorrhage over the left frontoparietal sulci. Eight hours after admission she disclosed left lower limb hypo-esthesia, i.e. a finding not attributable to the cranial hemorrhage. Four hours later sphincter dysfunction and paraparesis were also present with a left predominance. This was due to a T12-L1 subdural extramedullary hemorrhage. The patient was operated and showed a favorable outcome. Hypo-coagulated patients with cranial hemorrhage require prolonged surveillance and may harbor spinal hemorrhage as well. This rare combination can be unsuspected in view of the evident cranial event, and may cause severe neurological deficits if not detected.

Traumatic subacute spinal subdural hematoma successfully treated with lumbar drainage: case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of traumatic subacute spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) successfully treated by lumbar drainage. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few reports on traumatic spinal SDH are available in the English literature. METHODS: The authors present a rare case of traumatic subacute spinal SDH. A 43-year-old man developed severe pain in his back and both legs approximately 3 weeks after a trivial car accident that occurred 1 month before presentation. The patient reported paresthesia in the L5 and S1 dermatomes bilaterally and a walking difficulty because of severe leg pain. He assessed his pain severity as 8 using the visual analog pain score scale. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed a spinal SDH extending from the level of the L5 vertebral body to S1-S2 disc space. RESULTS: The spinal SDH was drained by lumbar puncture at the L5-S1 level without surgical exploration. The intensity of the pain decreased considerable immediately, and he was able to walk independently. The patient recovered uneventfully and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging conducted 4 weeks after the procedure revealed complete disappearance of the hematoma. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic spinal SDH is extremely rare and is usually associated with intracranial injury. Here, the authors report a rare case of traumatic spinal SDH not associated with head injury, which was successfully treated by lumbar drainage.

[Spinal subdural hematoma following spinal anesthesia in a patient without coagulation abnormalities].

We experienced an extremely rare complication of spinal anesthesia, a spinal subdural hematoma, in a 56-year-old man. Delayed paraplegia became apparent after the discharge from hospital, and at approximately 30 hours after the dural puncture. Surgical decompression of nerve fibers and removal of the hematoma were performed at 37 hours after the puncture. Neurological symptoms stared to recover immediately after the surgery, and at 3 months after the surgery, the patient mostly recovered his muscle powers and sensory functions. In the preoperative assessments, the patient did not have coagulation abnormality; however, several punctures were necessary for the proper needle placement during the spinal anesthesia procedure. Awareness of this rare complication, and the importance of rapid diagnosis by CT or MRI imaging followed by immediate surgical decompression should be emphasized to prevent permanent neurological deficits. Also, patients undergoing spinal anesthesia should be told to report back to hospital if they experience any neurological abnormalities.

Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma: Case Report of 2 Years' Clinical and Radiologic Findings.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is rare but leads to severe nerve compression. According to the symptoms, surgery decompression and conservative treatment are justified options. We present a spontaneous spinal SDH case treated by decompression surgery for the lumbar region and conservative observation for the thoracic region. A series of images of the disease course is available. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old woman without malignancy or coagulopathy history presented with progressive low back pain for the past 2 weeks. Progressive bilateral leg weakness happened 1 week ago. On the day she called for help, she presented with bilateral leg grade 2 muscle power and generalized back pain. There was no headache or meningeal sign. An absent bilateral knee reflex was found. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a space-occupying lesion at the T2-T6 and T12-L1 levels in the ventral and dorsal spinal canal, leading to cord compression. Due to rapid neurologic function deterioration, emergent T12-L1 laminectomy was performed. We found a T12-L1 tense dura sac with subdural hematoma ventral to the cord. Removal of the SDH was performed. T2-T6 levels were treated conservatively. She returned ambulant 1 week after operation. Magnetic resonance images at 3 months and 1 year later showed the SDH being absorbed and replaced by adhesive arachnoid cysts along the whole T and L spine. However, these lesions are asymptomatic for at least 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention is recommended in patients presenting with severe neurologic deficits. Conservative treatment is a reasonable option for asymptomatic patients.

Extracranial vertebral artery rupture likely secondary to "cupping therapy" superimposed on spontaneous dissection.

The extracranial vertebral artery (VA) is vulnerable to dissection and the V3 segment is the most common location for dissection. Dissection accounts for about 2% of all ischemic strokes and can occur after trauma or chiropractic neck maneuvers. We report an extremely rare case of spontaneous extracranial VA dissection presenting with posterior neck hematoma aggravated after cupping therapy, a treatment in traditional Oriental medicine. We treated the patient successfully by endovascular treatment without any complication.

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs in pregnancy: what are the anesthetic implications for labor and cesarean delivery?

Neuraxial anesthetic techniques are commonly used during the peripartum period to provide effective pain relief for labor and anesthesia during cesarean delivery. Major neurologic complications are rare after neuraxial anesthesia; however, spinal hematoma is associated with catastrophic neurologic outcomes (including lower-limb paralysis). Anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs can increase the risk of spinal hematoma after neuraxial anesthesia, and better understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticoagulants has led to greater appreciation for withholding anticoagulation before and after neuraxial anesthesia. A number of national anesthetic societies have produced guidelines for performing neuraxial anesthesia in patients receiving anticoagulation. However, there is limited information about anesthetic implications of anticoagulation during the peripartum period. This article will review the risks of spinal hematoma after neuraxial anesthesia in pregnant patients; current guidelines for neuraxial anesthesia for anticoagulated patients; and relevant pharmacological data of specific anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs in pregnancy.

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma: Case study.

Spinal cord hematomas are remarkably uncommon. Even more rare are spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas without underlying pathological changes. In some patients, compression of the spinal cord by spinal subdural hematoma has led to acute paraplegia. Spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas occur most often in the thoracic spine and are manifested by sudden back pain that radiates to the upper or lower extremities or to the trunk and variable degrees of motor, sensory, and autonomic disturbances. Clinicians should consider spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma when patients who are taking anticoagulants report back or radicular pain and the development of paraparesis, because early diagnosis is essential for preventing irreversible paralysis. Diagnosis of spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma requires prompt radiological assessment; magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred method. Treatment includes emergent decompressive laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma to prevent or minimize permanent neurological damage caused by spinal cord compression, ischemia, and spinal cord injury.

Rapid spontaneous remission of a spontaneous spinal chronic subdural hematoma in a child.

A 13-year-old boy presented with a rare spontaneous spinal chronic subdural hematoma (SCSDH) with no associated trauma or medical problems manifesting as back and bilateral lower extremity pain persisting for 10 days. Neurological examination revealed mild weakness and paresthesia in both lower extremities. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed 1 week after the appearance of symptoms revealed a chronic subdural hematoma at the thoracolumbosacral region. Follow-up MR imaging performed 1 week later showed significant resolution of the hematoma without the need for surgery. The patient was discharged with only conservative management. This case of spontaneous SCSDH with rapid spontaneous remission in a child not associated with coagulopathy indicates that aggressive surgical treatment should be delayed as long as possible in pediatric patients because the spinal structure is still developing.

Spontaneous concomitant cranial and spinal subdural haematomas with spontaneous resolution.

We report a rare case of concomitant cranial and spinal subdural haematoma (SDH) in a 12-year-old boy with severe thrombocytopenia due to aplastic anaemia, and review the available literature. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at presentation revealed a cranial SDH confined to the posterior fossa, and spinal SDH extending from the C1 to S3 segments. The child was managed conservatively due to his poor general condition and lack of any neurological deficit. Repeat MR imaging done at six weeks showed complete resolution of the spinal SDH and partial resolution of the cranial SDH. Although rare, a spontaneous spinal SDH can occur simultaneously with a cranial SDH. Urgent surgical decompression is considered the treatment of choice for spinal SDH; however, a conservative approach may succeed in patients with poor general condition, and/or mild/no neurological deficit.