RESUMEN
Eirini Maniou completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Patras, Greece, before moving to the UK to complete a Master's at the University of Bath and a PhD at the University of Dundee. For her postdoctoral work at University College London, Eirini turned her attention to neural tube morphogenesis, and she is now employing engineering principles to explore this developmental process at the University of Padua, Italy, where she is a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions postdoctoral fellow. Eirini was selected as one of our 2024 PI fellows, a group of researchers who will be supported by Development's Pathway to Independence Programme as they aim to secure independent positions. We spoke to Eirini to hear more about her career so far, why she decided to apply to the programme and what research questions she would like to address with her own group.
Asunto(s)
Biología Evolutiva , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Biología Evolutiva/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Selección de Profesión , ItaliaRESUMEN
Elites played a pivotal role in the formation of post-Roman Europe on both macro- and microlevels during the Early Medieval period. History and archaeology have long focused on their description and identification based on written sources or through their archaeological record. We provide a different perspective on this topic by integrating paleogenomic, archaeological, and isotopic data to gain insights into the role of one such elite group in a Langobard period community near Collegno, Italy dated to the 6-8th centuries CE. Our analysis of 28 newly sequenced genomes together with 24 previously published ones combined with isotope (Sr, C, N) measurements revealed that this community was established by and organized around a network of biologically and socially related individuals likely composed of multiple elite families that over time developed into a single extended pedigree. The community also included individuals with diverse genetic ancestries, maintaining its diversity by integrating newcomers and groups in later stages of its existence. This study highlights how shifts in political power and migration impacted the formation and development of a small rural community within a key region of the former Western Roman Empire after its dissolution and the emergence of a new kingdom. Furthermore, it suggests that Early Medieval elites had the capacity to incorporate individuals from varied backgrounds and that these elites were the result of (political) agency rather than belonging to biologically homogeneous groups.
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Arqueología , Mundo Romano , Humanos , Mundo Romano/historia , Italia , Historia Medieval , Migración Humana/historia , Historia AntiguaRESUMEN
Governments around the world are responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with unprecedented policies designed to slow the growth rate of infections. Many policies, such as closing schools and restricting populations to their homes, impose large and visible costs on society; however, their benefits cannot be directly observed and are currently understood only through process-based simulations2-4. Here we compile data on 1,700 local, regional and national non-pharmaceutical interventions that were deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, France and the United States. We then apply reduced-form econometric methods, commonly used to measure the effect of policies on economic growth5,6, to empirically evaluate the effect that these anti-contagion policies have had on the growth rate of infections. In the absence of policy actions, we estimate that early infections of COVID-19 exhibit exponential growth rates of approximately 38% per day. We find that anti-contagion policies have significantly and substantially slowed this growth. Some policies have different effects on different populations, but we obtain consistent evidence that the policy packages that were deployed to reduce the rate of transmission achieved large, beneficial and measurable health outcomes. We estimate that across these 6 countries, interventions prevented or delayed on the order of 61 million confirmed cases, corresponding to averting approximately 495 million total infections. These findings may help to inform decisions regarding whether or when these policies should be deployed, intensified or lifted, and they can support policy-making in the more than 180 other countries in which COVID-19 has been reported7.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Cuarentena/métodos , Número Básico de Reproducción , COVID-19 , China/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Italia/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , República de Corea/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas/organización & administración , Aislamiento Social , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
On 21 February 2020, a resident of the municipality of Vo', a small town near Padua (Italy), died of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection1. This was the first coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related death detected in Italy since the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei province2. In response, the regional authorities imposed the lockdown of the whole municipality for 14 days3. Here we collected information on the demography, clinical presentation, hospitalization, contact network and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasopharyngeal swabs for 85.9% and 71.5% of the population of Vo' at two consecutive time points. From the first survey, which was conducted around the time the town lockdown started, we found a prevalence of infection of 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-3.3%). From the second survey, which was conducted at the end of the lockdown, we found a prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.8%). Notably, 42.5% (95% CI: 31.5-54.6%) of the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections detected across the two surveys were asymptomatic (that is, did not have symptoms at the time of swab testing and did not develop symptoms afterwards). The mean serial interval was 7.2 days (95% CI: 5.9-9.6). We found no statistically significant difference in the viral load of symptomatic versus asymptomatic infections (P = 0.62 and 0.74 for E and RdRp genes, respectively, exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). This study sheds light on the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, their infectivity (as measured by the viral load) and provides insights into its transmission dynamics and the efficacy of the implemented control measures.
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Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Infecciones Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Betacoronavirus/enzimología , Betacoronavirus/genética , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , COVID-19 , Niño , Preescolar , Proteínas de la Envoltura de Coronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente de ARN de Coronavirus , Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , Neumonía Viral/virología , Prevalencia , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Carga Viral , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This geoepidemiological study, performed in Italy and France, shows that Erdheim-Chester disease is increasingly diagnosed and cases cluster in specific geographic areas, namely southern Italy and central France. Disease frequency inversely correlates with the Human Development Index.
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Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester , Humanos , Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester/epidemiología , Francia/epidemiología , Italia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Pharmacogenetics investigates sequence of genes that affect drug response, enabling personalized medication. This approach reduces drug-induced adverse reactions and improves clinical effectiveness, making it a crucial consideration for personalized medical care. Numerous guidelines, drawn by global consortia and scientific organizations, codify genotype-driven administration for over 120 active substances. As the scientific community acknowledges the benefits of genotype-tailored therapy over traditionally agnostic drug administration, the push for its implementation into Italian healthcare system is gaining momentum. This evolution is influenced by several factors, including the improved access to patient genotypes, the sequencing costs decrease, the growing of large-scale genetic studies, the rising popularity of direct-to-consumer pharmacogenetic tests, and the continuous improvement of pharmacogenetic guidelines. Since EMA (European Medicines Agency) and AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) provide genotype information on drug leaflet without clear and explicit clinical indications for gene testing, the regulation of pharmacogenetic testing is a pressing matter in Italy. In this manuscript, we have reviewed how to overcome the obstacles in implementing pharmacogenetic testing in the clinical practice of the Italian healthcare system. Our particular emphasis has been on germline testing, given the absence of well-defined national directives in contrast to somatic pharmacogenetics.
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Farmacogenética , Humanos , Italia , Farmacogenética/métodos , Farmacogenética/tendencias , Medicina de Precisión/tendencias , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Pruebas de Farmacogenómica/métodos , GenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cyclophilins are ubiquitous panallergens whose epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance is largely unknown and whose sensitization is rarely examined in routine allergy practice. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance of cyclophilins in seasonal allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities. METHODS: We examined a random sample of 253 (25%) of 1263 Italian children with seasonal allergic rhinitis from the Panallergens in Pediatrics (PAN-PED) cohort with characterized disease phenotypes. Nested studies of sensitization prevalence, correlation, and allergen extract inhibition were performed in patients sensitized to birch pollen extract but lacking IgE to Bet v 1/2/4 (74/1263) or with highest serum level of IgE to Bet v 1 (26/1263); and in patients with sensitization to various extracts (ragweed, mugwort, pellitory, Plantago, and plane tree), but not to their respective major allergenic molecule, profilins, and polcalcins. IgE to cyclophilin was detected with recombinant Bet v 7, and extract inhibition tests were performed with the same rBet v 7. RESULTS: IgE to rBet v 7 was detected in 43 (17%) of 253 patients. It was associated with asthma (P < .028) and oral allergy syndrome (P < .017) in univariate but not multivariate analysis adjusted for IgE to profilins (Phl p 12), PR-10s (Bet v 1), and lipid transfer proteins (Pru p 3). IgE to rBet v 7 was also highly prevalent (47/74, 63%) among patients with unexplained sensitization to birch pollen extract. In patients with unexplained sensitization to ragweed, mugwort, pellitory, Plantago and plane tree pollen, the levels of IgE to those extracts correlated with the levels of IgE to rBet v 7, and they were also significantly inhibited by rBet v 7 (inhibition range 45%-74%). CONCLUSIONS: IgE sensitization to cyclophilin is frequent in pollen-allergic patients living in temperate areas and can produce "false" positive outcomes in skin prick and IgE tests to pollen extracts. Molecular diagnostic guidelines should include this panallergen family.
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Alérgenos , Ciclofilinas , Inmunoglobulina E , Polen , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Niño , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Ciclofilinas/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Polen/inmunología , Adolescente , Preescolar , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Italia/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The spread of Popillia japonica in non-native areas (USA, Canada, the Azores islands, Italy and Switzerland) poses a significant threat to agriculture and horticulture, as well as to endemic floral biodiversity, entailing that appropriate control measures must be taken to reduce its density and limit its further spread. In this context, the availability of a high quality genomic sequence for the species is liable to foster basic research on the ecology and evolution of the species, as well as on possible biotechnologically-oriented and genetically-informed control measures. RESULTS: The genomic sequence presented and described here is an improvement with respect to the available draft sequence in terms of completeness and contiguity, and includes structural and functional annotations. A comparative analysis of gene families of interest, related to the species ecology and potential for polyphagy and adaptability, revealed a contraction of gustatory receptor genes and a paralogous expansion of some subgroups/subfamilies of odorant receptors, ionotropic receptors and cytochrome P450s. CONCLUSIONS: The new genomic sequence as well as the comparative analyses data may provide a clue to explain the staggering invasive potential of the species and may serve to identify targets for potential biotechnological applications aimed at its control.
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Escarabajos , Especies Introducidas , Animales , Escarabajos/genética , Genómica , Canadá , Italia , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of central nervous system diseases primarily affecting the spinal upper motor neurons, with different inheritance patterns and phenotypes. SPG46 is a rare, early-onset and autosomal recessive HSP, linked to biallelic GBA2 mutations. About thirty families have been described worldwide, with different phenotypes like complicated HSP, recessive cerebellar ataxia or Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. Herein, we report five SPG46 patients harbouring five novel GBA2 mutations, the largest series described in Italy so far. Probands were enrolled in five different centres and underwent neurological examination, clinical cognitive assessment, column imaging for scoliosis assessment, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, GBA2 activity in peripheral blood cells and genetic testing. Their phenotype was consistent with HSP, with notable features like upper gaze palsy and movement disorders. We review demographic, genetic, biochemical and clinical information from all documented cases in the existing literature, focusing on the global distribution of cases, the features of the syndrome, its variable presentation, new potential identifying features and the significance of measuring GBA2 enzyme activity.
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Glucosilceramidasa , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glucosilceramidasa/genética , Italia , Mutación/genética , Linaje , Fenotipo , Paraplejía Espástica Hereditaria/genética , Paraplejía Espástica Hereditaria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The CA.ME.LI.A (CArdiovascular risks, MEtabolic syndrome, LIver and Autoimmune disease) epidemiological study was conducted in Abbiategrasso (Milan, Italy) to identify risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disease in an apparently healthy population of northern Italy. The population (n = 2,545, 1,251 men, 1,254 women) was stratified according to body mass index [normal body weight (NBW): <25 kg/m2; overweight-obese (OWO): ≥25 kg/m2] and according to fasting blood glucose [normal fasting glucose: <100 mg/dL; impaired fasting glucose (IFG): 100-125 mg/dL; diabetes mellitus (DM): ≥126 mg/dL]. The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events and overall mortality were studied by the Kaplan-Meier method using the log rank test. Univariate analysis was conducted with time-dependent Cox models. During the 7-yr follow-up period, 80 deaths and 149 CV events occurred. IFG [hazard ratio (HR): 2.81; confidence interval (CI): 1.37-5.77; P = 0.005], DM (HR: 4.88; CI: 1.47-16; P = 0.010), or OWO (HR: 2.78; CI:1.68-4.59; P < 0.001) all produced significant increases in CV events and deaths. In the combination IFG/OWO (HR: 5.51; CI: 3.34-9.08; P < 0.001), there was an apparent additive effect of the two conditions, whereas in the combination DM/OWO (HR: 12.71; CI: 7.48-22; P < 0.001), there was an apparent multiplicative effect on the risk for CV events and deaths. In males, the DM/NBW group had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events and deaths than the IFG/OWO group. In contrast, in females, the IFG/OWO group had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events and deaths than the DM/NBW group. In women, there was a greater incidence of CV events in the IFG/OWO group (HR: 6.23; CI: 2.88-13; P < 0.001) than in men in the same group (HR: 4.27; CI: 2.15-8.47; P < 0.001). Consistent with these data, also all-cause mortality was progressively increased by IFG/DM and OWO, with an apparently exponential effect in the combination DM/OWO (HR: 11.78; CI: 6.11-23; P < 0.001). IFG/DM and OWO, alone or in combination, had major effects in increasing mortality for all causes and CV events. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and overweight/obesity on cardiovascular events and deaths were apparently, to a certain extent, sex dependent. Females were more affected by overweight/obesity either alone or combined with IFG, as compared with males.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the combined effects of glucose tolerance and BMI have been investigated in an apparently healthy large population sample of a city in the north of Italy. We found that there are synergistic effects of glucose levels with BMI to increase not only cardiovascular events and deaths but also cancer-related deaths and all-cause mortality.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Italia/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Anciano , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/epidemiología , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/mortalidad , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/mortalidad , Incidencia , Síndrome Metabólico/mortalidad , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Uncommon Salmonella Infantis variants displaying only flagellar antigens phenotypically showed identical incomplete antigenic formula but differed by molecular serotyping. Although most formed rough colonies, all shared antimicrobial resistances and the presence of usg gene with wild-type Salmonella Infantis. Moreover, they were undistinguishable wild-type Salmonella Infantis by whole-genome sequencing.
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Cadena Alimentaria , Aves de Corral , Animales , Italia/epidemiología , Salmonella/genética , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Tick-borne encephalitis was limited to northeast portions of Italy. We report in Lombardy, a populous region in the northwest, a chamois displaying clinical signs of tickborne encephalitis virus that had multiple virus-positive ticks attached, as well as a symptomatic man. Further, we show serologic evidence of viral circulation in the area.
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Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas , Encefalitis Viral , Infecciones por Flavivirus , Masculino , Humanos , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Italia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In September 2023, a patient in Italy who had never traveled abroad was referred for testing for suspected hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Lesions were incompatible with cystic echinococcosis; instead, autochthonous alveolar echinococcosis was confirmed. Alveolar echinococcosis can be fatal, and awareness must be raised of the infection's expanding distribution.
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Equinococosis , Humanos , Equinococosis/diagnóstico , Italia/epidemiología , ViajeRESUMEN
Since August 2023, outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection have occurred in Italy. We report 2 autochthonous case-patients and their extended follow-up. Despite persistent DENV detected in blood by PCR, results for antigenomic DENV RNA were negative after day 5, suggesting that a 5-day isolation period is adequate to avoid secondary cases.
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Virus del Dengue , Dengue , Humanos , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiología , Virus del Dengue/genética , Ciudad de Roma , Italia/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Brotes de EnfermedadesRESUMEN
Dogs are known to be susceptible to influenza A viruses, although information on influenza D virus (IDV) is limited. We investigated the seroprevalence of IDV in 426 dogs in the Apulia region of Italy during 2016 and 2023. A total of 14 samples were positive for IDV antibodies, suggesting exposure to IDV in dogs.
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Anticuerpos Antivirales , Enfermedades de los Perros , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae , Thogotovirus , Perros , Animales , Italia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Thogotovirus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The 2022 global mpox outbreak was driven by human-to-human transmission, but modes of transmission by sexual relationship versus sexual contact remain unclear. We evaluated sexual transmission of mpox by using monkeypox virus (MPXV) G2R-mRNA as a marker of ongoing viral replication through in vitro experiments. We analyzed clinical samples of 15 MPXV-positive patients in Italy from different biological regions by using the setup method. The presence of MPXV DNA, MPXV G2R-mRNA, or both in all analyzed lesion swab samples, independent of viral load, confirmed a higher infectivity risk from skin lesions. Positivity for MPXV G2R-mRNA in nasopharyngeal swabs was associated with high MPXV load, whereas positive results for MPXV G2R-mRNA were obtained only in the 2 semen samples with the lowest MPXV loads. Our results suggest that close or skin-to-skin contact during sexual intercourse is the main route of sexual transmission and that semen is a minor driver of infection, regardless of MPXV load.
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Monkeypox virus , Mpox , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Mpox/transmisión , Mpox/epidemiología , Mpox/virología , Monkeypox virus/genética , Carga Viral , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Replicación Viral , Conducta Sexual , ARN Viral , Semen/virología , ADN ViralRESUMEN
We describe group B Streptococcus linked to disease in farmed pigs and wild porcupines in Italy. Occurrence in pigs was attributed to transmission from nonpasteurized bovine milk whey. Antimicrobial-resistance profiles in isolates from porcupines suggest no common source of infection. Our findings expand the known host range for group B Streptococcus disease.
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Puercoespines , Infecciones Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus agalactiae , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/transmisión , Italia/epidemiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/transmisión , Streptococcus agalactiae/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus agalactiae/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus agalactiae/clasificación , Puercoespines/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bovinos , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/transmisiónRESUMEN
Patients across Europe face inequity regarding access to anticancer medicines. While access is typically evaluated through reimbursement status or sales data, patients can receive first access through early access programs (EAPs) or off-label use. This study aims to assess the time to patient access at the hospital level, considering different indications and countries. (Pre-)registered access to six innovative medicines (Olaparib, Niraparib, Ipilimumab, Osimeritinib, Nivolumab and Ibritunib) was measured using a cross-sectional survey. First patient access to medicines and indications were collected using the hospital databases. Nineteen hospitals from Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and France participated. Analysis showed that some hospitals achieved patient access before national reimbursement, primarily through EAPs. The average time from EMA-approval to patient access for these medicines was 2.1 years (Range: -0.9-7.1 years). Hospitals in Italy and France had faster access compared to Hungary and Belgium. Variation was also found within countries, with specialized hospitals (xÌ: -0.9 years; SD: 2.0) more likely to provide patient access prior to national reimbursement than general hospitals (xÌ: 0.4 years; SD: 2.9). Contextual differences were observed, with EAPs or off-label use being more prevalent in Switzerland than Hungary. Recent EMA-approved indications and drug combinations reached patients at a later stage. Substantial variation in patient access time was observed between and within countries. Improving pricing and reimbursement timelines, fostering collaboration between national health authorities and market authorization holders, and implementing nationally harmonized, data-generating EAPs can enhance timely and equitable patient access to innovative cancer treatments in Europe.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente) , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Italia , FranciaRESUMEN
Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are known to be at risk of developing several cancer types; however, cancer mortality in this population is underinvestigated. Our study aimed to assess the risk of cancer death among Italian KT recipients compared to the corresponding general population. A cohort study was conducted among 7373 individuals who underwent KT between 2003 and 2020 in 17 Italian centers. Date and cause of death were retrieved until 31 December 2020. Indirect standardization was used to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cancer was the most common cause of death among the 7373 KT recipients, constituting 32.4% of all deaths. A 1.8-fold excess mortality (95% CI: 1.59-2.09) was observed for all cancers combined. Lymphomas (SMR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.81-9.25), kidney cancer (SMR = 5.44, 95% CI: 2.97-8.88) and skin melanoma (SMR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.03-6.98) showed the highest excess death risks. In addition, SMRs were increased about 1.6 to 3.0 times for cancers of lung, breast, bladder and other hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. As compared to the general population, relative cancer mortality risk remained significantly elevated in all age groups though it decreased with increasing age. A linear temporal increase in SMR over time was documented for all cancers combined (P < .01). Our study documented significantly higher risks of cancer death in KT recipients than in the corresponding general population. Such results support further investigation into the prevention and early detection of cancer in KT recipients.