[Clinical characteristics of patients referred to cardio-oncology clinic].

To explore characteristics of outpatients in a single cardio-oncology clinic, patients visiting cardio-oncology clinic of Fuwai Hospital CAMS&PUMC (Beijing, China) from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. In total, 330 patients were included, the median age (Q1, Q3) was 58(46, 66) years, and there were 192 females (58.2%). The purposes for visit included an evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular adverse reactions (n=247, 74.8%), pre-antitumor therapy assessment (n=51, 15.5%), and management of primary or metastatic cardiac tumors (n=32, 9.7%). For patients with cardiovascular adverse reactions, the most common tumor type was breast cancer (n=88, 29.5%), followed by gastrointestinal cancer (n=70, 23.5%), and hematological cancers (n=62, 20.8%). Among them, 236 cases (95.5%) had received antitumor drugs in the past; 38 cases (15.4%) had a history of chest radiotherapy; some cases were complicated with hypertension (n=69, 23.2%) and/or hyperlipidemia (n=69, 23.2%); 42 cases (14.1%) had a history of coronary heart disease; and 16 cases (5.4%) were complicated with atrial fibrillation or flutter. Among 32 patients with cardiac tumors, 11 cases (34.4%) had primary malignant tumors; 6 cases (18.8%) had benign tumors; 2 cases (6.3%) had metastatic tumors; and 13 (40.6%) had unknown pathological types. This study explores the epidemiology of cardio-oncology in China and provides clinical insights for the future development of cardio-oncology. In the future, it is still necessary to study the benefits of cardio-oncology clinics and develop standardized indicators to evaluate their benefits.

[Incomplete Surgical Resection of a Right Ventricular Hemangioma with Asymptomatic Gradual Enlargement for more than a Decade;Report of a Case].

We encountered a case of a cardiac hemangioma protruding into the inner cavity of the right ventricle from the right ventricular free wall. The tumor gradually enlarged over 11 years (from 35 mm to 78mm) without presenting any symptoms. However, when it extended to the right ventricular outflow tract, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred, and emergency surgery was required. The tumor was diagnosed as a cavernous benign hemangioma. Complete resection was not possible, and the part involving the right ventricle remained. This residual tumor caused postoperative ventricular arrhythmia, and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was required. We concluded that non-surgically treated cardiac hemangiomas carry the risk of non-resectability, regardless of malignancy.

Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure.

Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 60 to 61 weeks to air containing 0, 625, or 1250 parts per million 1,3-butadiene. These concentrations are somewhat below and slightly above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 1000 parts per million for butadiene. The study was designed for 104-week exposures but had to be ended early due to cancer-related mortality in both sexes at both exposure concentrations. There were early induction and significantly increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms of the forestomach in males and females and acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell neoplasms of the ovary, and hepatocellular neoplasms in females. Current workplace standards for exposure to butadiene should be reexamined in view of these findings.

Tumors of the heart and stomach induced in European hamsters by intravenous administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

One hundred twenty captured European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L.) were inoculated iv with 1/5, 1/10, or 1/20 the median lethal dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) once weekly for 18 weeks. MNU induced mainly sarcomas in the heart and squamous cell carcinomas and sarcomas in the stomach. The highest incidence of such tumors was demonstrated by the lowest-dosage group. They were more frequent in males than in females. The effect of MNU was also localized at the site of administration and resulted in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. The possible fibroblastic or neurogenic origin of the sarcomas was explored.

Endocardial tumors induced by carbamate or fluorenylacetamide derivatives in rats.

Endocardial tumors were induced in 18 rats treated with derivatives of carbamates and in 4 rats treated with derivatives of fluorenylacetamide. The endocardial tumor of 1 rat treated with N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide metastasized to the lung. This is the first report of metastasis of an endocardial tumor. Among the more than 60,000 accessions at the Registry of Experimental Cancers, Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, there are 4 untreated rats with endocardial tumors. On the basis of the light microscopic morphology, we have classified these endocardial tumors as mesenchymal.

Carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mice at low exposure concentrations.

The carcinogenicity of inhaled 1,3-butadiene was evaluated in C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mice exposed to concentrations of this gas ranging from 6.25 to 625 ppm. Butadiene is a high production volume chemical, used mainly in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. In these 2-yr inhalation studies, a potent multisite carcinogenic response was observed, including neoplasms of the lung at concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm. Early occurrence and extensive development of lethal lymphocytic lymphomas in mice exposed to 625 ppm of butadiene reduced the number of animals at risk for the expression of later developing neoplasms at other sites; at lower exposure concentrations, dose responses were demonstrated for hemangiosarcomas of the heart and neoplasms of the lung, forestomach, Harderian gland, preputial gland, liver, mammary gland, and ovary. So far, no long-term studies on butadiene have been conducted at exposure concentrations that have not shown a carcinogenic response. In separate experiments with reduced exposure durations, butadiene induced neoplastic responses at multiple organ sites even after only 13 wk of exposure. Because of the correspondence between these animal data and recent epidemiology findings, there is a worldwide public health need to reevaluate current workplace exposure standards for 1,3-butadiene.

Cooperative effect of v-myc and v-erbA in the chick embryo.

We show that a construct designated as MAHEVA, which encodes oncogenes v-myc from MH2 virus and v-erbA from AEV under the control of the LTR of MH2, induces rapidly growing heart rhabdomyosarcomas, when it is injected in E3 but not E5 chick embryos. A similar pathology has previously been observed with MC29, within the same limited time frame. The tumors, which expressed P61-63myc, P75gag-erbA and Pr76gag proteins were detectable from E14 onwards. Compared with MC29, MAHEVA induced a secondary anomaly, not detectable prior to E17. This is the appearance of cartilage nodules within the heart rhabdomyosarcomas. The constant location of these nodules inside the rhabdomyosarcomas and their delayed appearance suggests that the chondrocytes originate from myoblasts prevented from differentiating by the expression of the v-myc product. This interpretation is supported by the appearance of chondrocytes in E3 heart muscle cells infected in vitro with MAHEVA.

Evaluation of the effects of intramyocardial injection of DNA expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a myocardial infarction model in the rat--angiogenesis and angioma formation.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of direct intramyocardial injection of the plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (phVEGF165) in the border zone of myocardial infarct tissue in rat hearts were investigated. BACKGROUND: Controversy exists concerning the ability of VEGF to induce angiogenesis and enhance coronary flow in the myocardium. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats received a ligation of the left coronary artery to induce myocardial infarction (MI). At 33.1 +/- 6.5 days, the rats were injected with phVEGF165 at one location and control plasmid at a second location (500 microg DNA, n = 24) or saline (n = 16). After 33.1 +/- 5.7 days, the hearts were excised for macroscopic and histologic analysis. Regional blood flow ratios were measured in 18 rats by radioactive microspheres. RESULTS: phVEGF165-treated sites showed macroscopic angioma-like structures at the injection site while control DNA and saline injection sites did not. By histology, 21/24 phVEGF165-treated hearts showed increased focal epicardial blood vessel density and angioma-like formation. Quantitative morphometric evaluation in 20 phVEGF165-treated hearts revealed 44.4 +/- 10.5 vascular structures per field in phVEGF165-treated hearts versus 21.4 +/- 4.7 in control DNA injection sites (p < 0.05). Regional myocardial blood flow ratios between the injection site and noninfarcted area did not demonstrate any difference between phVEGF,165-treated hearts (0.9 +/- 0.2) and saline-treated hearts (0.7 +/- 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Injection of DNA for VEGF in the border zone of MI in rat hearts induced angiogenesis. Angioma formation at the injection sites did not appear to contribute to regional myocardial blood flow, which may be a limitation of gene therapy for this application.

Morphology of neoplastic lesions induced by 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice.

1,3-Butadiene (CAS No. 106-99-0) was studied for potential carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity by inhalation in B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 mice of each sex were exposed to 0, 625, or 1250 ppm 1,3-butadiene for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 60 weeks (male) or 61 weeks (female). The study was scheduled for 104 weeks of exposure but was terminated early because of reduced survival related to induction of a variety of tumors in 1,3-butadiene-exposed mice. A second chronic inhalation study was conducted in which male and female mice were exposed to 0, 6.25, 20, 62.5, 200, or 625 ppm for up to 2 years. Additional groups of 50 male mice were exposed to 625 ppm for 13 or 26 weeks, 312 ppm for 52 weeks, or 200 ppm for 40 weeks, then held without exposure until scheduled sacrifice 104 weeks after initial exposure. 1,3-Butadiene-exposed mice from both studies had increased incidences of malignant lymphomas that were observed as early as week 20 in the first study and week 23 in the second study. The lymphomas were primarily lymphocytic and originated in the thymus, although generalized lymphoma was often present. Exposed mice in both studies developed cardiac hemangiosarcomas that were observed as early as week 32 in the first study and week 41 in the second study. Also present were foci of endothelial hyperplasia in the myocardium that were regarded as early evidence of developing hemangiosarcoma. Alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas represented the spectrum of proliferative lung lesions induced by exposure to 1,3-butadiene in both studies. Exposure-related proliferative forestomach lesions observed in both studies included epithelial hyperplasia, squamous cell papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. 1,3-Butadiene-exposed female mice in both studies developed mammary gland neoplasms at increased incidences. Most of the mammary tumors were pleomorphic adenocarcinomas, but several adenoacanthomas were also seen. Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary were exposure-related neoplasms in both studies. Occasionally the granulosa cell tumors were malignant as evidenced by vascular invasion or pulmonary metastasis. Although there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in exposed females in the first study, by week 65 of the second study there was not evidence of a clear response of liver neoplasms. The preliminary results of the second study indicate there was induction of tumors similar to those seen in the first study but occurring in response to lower concentrations of 1,3-butadiene.

Carcinogenicity of captan.

Two studies on the carcinogenicity of the fungicide captan in animals were reviewed. The results and conclusions, which were based on my examination of the histological sections, showed that captan is highly carcinogenic in rats and mice. Neoplasms at all sites, as well as malignant neoplasms, were increased in both low and high dose captan-treated male and female rats. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the endocrine organs were increased in low and high dose male and female rats ingesting captan. Neoplasms of the adrenal and pituitary glands were increased. Increased incidences of benign and malignant neoplasms, and of malignant neoplasms only, were observed in the reproductive system of female rats ingesting captan. The incidence of these neoplasms was markedly increased in the mammary gland and ovary. Female rats given captan were more susceptible to the development of hepatic neoplasms than were male rats. Captan induced neoplasms of the duodenum in male and female mice. There also were toxic changes in rats. Captan-treated male rats were more susceptible to the induction of chronic renal disease than were female rats. Male rats also had a high incidence of particularly severe testicular atrophy as a result of the ingestion of captan. Such lesions interfere with the health of the rats and with the development of neoplasms.

Endocardial schwannomas in rats. Their characterization by light and electron microscopy.

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intravenous injection of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine. Primary endocardial tumors developed in ten rats. By light and electron microscopy, the tumors had many of the typical features of schwannomas (neurinomas) in rats. Tumors were composed of masses of elongated cells surrounded by a fine reticulin network, occasionally forming Verocay bodies. Basement membrane was observed on the external surfaces of tumor cells, which had convoluted plasma membranes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous endocardial schwannoma in a rat. The literature addressing endocardial tumors in rodents and man is discussed, and criteria for distinguishing this neoplastic entity from other tumors and non-neoplastic endocardial proliferations are described.

[Histogenesis of endocardial tumors in rats]. / O gistogeneze éndokardial'nykh opukholei krys.

10 endocardial tumours (two tumours induced by N-nitrosoethylurea and eight spontaneous) of BD VI rats were examined for protein S-100 using specific antiserum in an immunoperoxidase reaction. The presence of protein S-100 in tumour cells is demonstrated in all cases and is considered as a proof of Schwann cell origin of these tumours.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma in a neonate with supraventricular tachycardia.

Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) is a rare tumor commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis. They are often detected prenatally or in early infancy. The case of a Nigerian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed neonate with CR who presented with supraventricular tachycardia and cardiovascular collapse is presented. The infant was born to a mother on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The possible role of HIV and HAART in CR etiology and the difficulty in the management of this case are highlighted.