Molecular differentiation of schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia using BDNF haplotypes.

BACKGROUND: Allelic variation in the gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with affective disorders, but generally not schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor variants may help clarify the status of schizoaffective disorder. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that BDNF haplotypes are associated with psychiatric illness marked by a prominent affective component. METHOD: Frequencies of a 5-marker BDNF haplotype were examined in 600 White participants across four diagnostic categories and healthy controls. RESULTS: Individuals with schizoaffective disorder and other affective disorders were significantly more likely to carry two copies of the most common BDNF haplotype (containing the valine allele of the Val66Met polymorphism) compared with healthy volunteers. Moreover, when compared with people with schizophrenia, individuals with schizoaffective disorder were significantly more likely to carry two copies of the common haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first candidate gene study to demonstrate association with schizoaffective disorder but not schizophrenia. Variation in the BDNF gene may be associated with the clinical phenotype of affective dysregulation across several DSM-IV diagnostic categories.