Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is critical for early experimental deep vein thrombosis resolution.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
; 31(1): 43-9, 2011 Jan.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-20966396
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Toll-like receptors (TLR) bridge innate immunity and host responses, including inflammation. Sterile inflammation such as a venous thrombus (Vt) may involve TLR signaling, including TLR9. METHODS ANDRESULTS:
TLR9 signaling on thrombus resolution was investigated using a mouse model of stasis Vt. Vt were significantly larger in TLR9-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) at 2 and 8 days, despite a 2-fold increase in thrombus polymorphonucleic neutrophils at 2 days and monocytes at 8 days, whereas thrombus collagen and neovascularization was 55% and 37% less, respectively, at 8 days. Coincidently, decreased fibrinogen and increased thrombin-antithrombin complex were observed in TLR9-/- mouse thrombi. Vein wall interferon-α, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-2 were significantly reduced in TLR9-/- mice compared with WT. Thrombus cell death pathway markers were not significantly altered at 2 days, but caspase-1 was reduced in TLR9-/- thrombi at 8 days. MyD88 confers TLR9 intracellular signaling, but MyD88-/- mice had Vt resolution similar to that of WT. However, inhibition of the NOTCH ligand δ-like 4 was associated with larger Vt. Finally, stimulation with a TLR9 agonist was associated with smaller Vt.CONCLUSIONS:
TLR9 signaling is integral for early and mid-Vt resolution through modulation of sterile inflammation, maintaining a TH1 milieu, and effects on the thrombosis pathway.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Signal Transduction
/
Venous Thrombosis
/
Toll-Like Receptor 9
/
Inflammation
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Language:
En
Journal:
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Journal subject:
ANGIOLOGIA
Year:
2011
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States