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An Intracellular Laccase Is Responsible for Epicatechin-Mediated Anthocyanin Degradation in Litchi Fruit Pericarp.
Fang, Fang; Zhang, Xue-lian; Luo, Hong-hui; Zhou, Jia-jian; Gong, Yi-hui; Li, Wen-jun; Shi, Zhao-wan; He, Quan; Wu, Qing; Li, Lu; Jiang, Lin-lin; Cai, Zhi-gao; Oren-Shamir, Michal; Zhang, Zhao-qi; Pang, Xue-qun.
Affiliation
  • Fang F; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Zhang XL; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Luo HH; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Zhou JJ; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Gong YH; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Li WJ; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Shi ZW; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • He Q; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Wu Q; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Li L; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Jiang LL; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Cai ZG; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Oren-Shamir M; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Zhang ZQ; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
  • Pang XQ; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., Y.G., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., Z.Z., X.P.), College of Life Sciences (F.F., X.Z., H.L., J.Z., W.L., Z.S., Q.H., Q.W., L.L., L.J., Z.C., X.P.), and College of Horticulture
Plant Physiol ; 169(4): 2391-408, 2015 Dec.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26514808
ABSTRACT
In contrast to the detailed molecular knowledge available on anthocyanin synthesis, little is known about its catabolism in plants. Litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit lose their attractive red color soon after harvest. The mechanism leading to quick degradation of anthocyanins in the pericarp is not well understood. An anthocyanin degradation enzyme (ADE) was purified to homogeneity by sequential column chromatography, using partially purified anthocyanins from litchi pericarp as a substrate. The purified ADE, of 116 kD by urea SDS-PAGE, was identified as a laccase (ADE/LAC). The full-length complementary DNA encoding ADE/LAC was obtained, and a polyclonal antibody raised against a deduced peptide of the gene recognized the ADE protein. The anthocyanin degradation function of the gene was confirmed by its transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves. The highest ADE/LAC transcript abundance was in the pericarp in comparison with other tissues, and was about 1,000-fold higher than the polyphenol oxidase gene in the pericarp. Epicatechin was found to be the favorable substrate for the ADE/LAC. The dependence of anthocyanin degradation by the enzyme on the presence of epicatechin suggests an ADE/LAC epicatechin-coupled oxidation model. This model was supported by a dramatic decrease in epicatechin content in the pericarp parallel to anthocyanin degradation. Immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy suggested that ADE/LAC is located mainly in the vacuole, with essential phenolic substances. ADE/LAC vacuolar localization, high expression levels in the pericarp, and high epicatechin-dependent anthocyanin degradation support its central role in pigment breakdown during pericarp browning.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Catechin / Litchi / Laccase / Fruit / Anthocyanins Language: En Journal: Plant Physiol Year: 2015 Type: Article
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Catechin / Litchi / Laccase / Fruit / Anthocyanins Language: En Journal: Plant Physiol Year: 2015 Type: Article