Transcranial Doppler is Complementary to Echocardiography for Detection and Risk Stratification of Patent Foramen Ovale.
Can J Cardiol
; 32(8): 986.e9-986.e16, 2016 08.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26952158
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
In patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO), strategies are needed to identify patients at higher risk, who might benefit from PFO closure.METHODS:
We studied the frequency of detection of a right-to-left shunt (RLS) using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) among patients with cryptogenic stroke and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to detect RLS, and analyzed the prediction of recurrent stroke according to TCD shunt grade, by detection of RLS on TEE, and by atrial septal aneurysm or mobility.RESULTS:
Among 334 patients with TCD, 69.8% were female, with a mean (SD) age of 53 (14) years, with a median follow-up of 420 days. There were 284 cases with TCD and TEE; 54 (19%) had atrial septal aneurysm or mobility. Echocardiography failed to show a RLS in 43 (15.1%) of the patients who had TCD and TEE, even in some patients with high-grade shunts on TCD 18 (42%) were grade 3 or higher on TCD. Survival free of stroke or transient ischemic attack was predicted significantly by TCD shunt grade < 2 (P = 0.028), shunt grade < 3 (P = 0.03), and shunt grade < 4 (P < 0.0001); this was attenuated by adjustment for risk factors in Cox regression (P = 0.08). Neither RLS on TEE (P = 0.47), or atrial septal aneurysm or mobility (P = 0.08), predicted events.CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that TCD might be more sensitive than TEE for detection of RLS, which misses some cases with substantial RLS, and might be valuable for prediction of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with PFO. TCD complements TEE for management of suspected paradoxical embolism.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
/
Echocardiography, Transesophageal
/
Embolism, Paradoxical
/
Intracranial Embolism
/
Foramen Ovale, Patent
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
En
Journal:
Can J Cardiol
Journal subject:
CARDIOLOGIA
Year:
2016
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Canada