Frequency and risks associated with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea after pediatric solid organ transplantation: a single-center retrospective review.
Transpl Infect Dis
; 18(5): 706-713, 2016 Oct.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27492796
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Morbidity and mortality related to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased, but epidemiology and risk factors within pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are uncertain.METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of SOT recipients age ≤18 years at transplantation from 2010 to 2013 was performed. Patients with CDI were compared with matched CDI-negative controls with diarrhea.RESULTS:
Of 202 patients, the majority were male (58%) and Caucasian (77%). Kidney (42%) was the most common organ transplanted, followed by liver (38%), heart (17%), and multivisceral/intestine (3%). Age ranged from 3 weeks to 18 years (median 4.7 years, mean 6.6; interquartile range [IQR] 1.5-11.2). In 104 SOT recipients, at least 1 unformed stool was tested; 25 patients were positive for CDI. Most testing occurred by 60 days post transplant (mean 164, median 57, IQR 14-227). First negative tests occurred concurrently (mean 153, median 54, IQR 13-214) to the 25 patients with CDI (mean 199, median 65, IQR 32-238). In univariable analyses, age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, and calcineurin inhibitor choice were not associated with CDI. Liver recipients were more likely to have CDI (18.4% liver, 4.7% kidney, 8.8% heart, P < 0.01). Twenty CDI patients were matched to 35 controls. In multivariable analyses, neither recent hospitalization nor antibiotic duration or intensity was associated with CDI. Acid-blockade appeared protective (risk ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.78).CONCLUSIONS:
CDI occurs in 12% of pediatric SOT recipients, but 24% of those tested with diarrhea were positive. In patients with diarrhea, prior hospitalization and antibiotic duration or intensity were not associated with CDI.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Clostridioides difficile
/
Organ Transplantation
/
Clostridium Infections
/
Diarrhea
/
Feces
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
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Infant
/
Male
/
Newborn
Language:
En
Journal:
Transpl Infect Dis
Journal subject:
TRANSPLANTE
Year:
2016
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States