4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein; AKT1, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AMBRA1, autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ARF, auxin response factor gene; ATG, autophagy-related protein; Autophagy; Autophagy-related kinase; CaMKK2, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2; DAPK, death associated protein kinase; FIP200, FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GO, gene ontology; GSK3α, glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha; HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1; Human disease therapy; JNK1, C-Jun N-terminal kinase; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; LKB1, serine/threonine-protein kinase stk11; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LRRK2, leucine rich repeat kinase 2; PD, Parkinson's disease; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PI3 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PI3P, phosphatidylinositol triphosphate; PIM2, proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2; PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PKACα, a protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PKCα, protein kinase C alpha type; PKD1, polycystin-1; PPIs, protein­protein interactions; PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimeras; PTMs, post-translational modifications; Phosphorylation; Protein kinases; Rheb, the RAS homolog enriched in brain; Small-molecule kinase inhibitors/activators; TAK1, transforming growth factor activated kinase-1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis complex proteins 1/2; ULK complex, ULK1­mATG13­FIP200­ATG101 complex; ULK1, unc-51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, ultraviolet resistance-associated gene; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1