Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease.
Int J Mol Sci
; 22(6)2021 Mar 12.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33809300
ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Exercise
/
Oxidative Stress
/
Alzheimer Disease
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Mol Sci
Year:
2021
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Spain