The Effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of noncommunicable disease- related death. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the possible benefit of the green coffee bean extract on cardio-metabolic markers. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify clinical trials that examined the effect of green coffee bean extract on cardio-metabolic risk factors including serum lipid profiles, glycemic status-related markers, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. Since the included RCTs were carried out in different settings, random effect models were used to conduct all meta-analyses. RESULTS: Fifteen studies (19 arms) consisting of 637 participants were included. The results indicated that green coffee bean extract significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (-5.93 mg/dl; 95% CI -9.21, -2.65; I2 0%), fasting plasma glucose (-2.21 mg/dl; 95% CI -3.94, -0.48; I2 32%), systolic blood pressure (-3.08 mmHg; 95% CI -4.41, -1.75; I2 26%), diastolic blood pressure (-2.27 mmHg; 95% CI -3.82, -0.72; I2 61%), body weight (-1.24 kg; 95% CI -1.82, -0.66; I2 15%), and BMI (-0.55 kg/m2; 95% CI -0.88, -0.22; I2 73%). Although the pooled effect size of LDL-C, fasting insulin, and waist circumstance were significant, the results were significantly influenced by individual studies. No significant effect was detected for triglycerides, HDL-C, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR. However, the nonsignificant pooled effect size for triglyceride levels was influenced by one individual study. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that green coffee been extract consumption can improve total cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose.