Measuring Basic Reproduction Number to Assess Effects of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.
Emerg Infect Dis
; 28(7): 1345-1354, 2022 07.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35580960
ABSTRACT
Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently occur in hospitals. Preventing nosocomial infection requires insight into hospital transmission. However, estimates of the basic reproduction number (R0) in care facilities are lacking. Analyzing a closely monitored SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a hospital in early 2020, we estimated the patient-to-patient transmission rate and R0. We developed a model for SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial transmission that accounts for stochastic effects and undetected infections and fit it to patient test results. The model formalizes changes in testing capacity over time, and accounts for evolving PCR sensitivity at different stages of infection. R0 estimates varied considerably across wards, ranging from 3 to 15 in different wards. During the outbreak, the hospital introduced a contact precautions policy. Our results strongly support a reduction in the hospital-level R0 after this policy was implemented, from 8.7 to 1.3, corresponding to a policy efficacy of 85% and demonstrating the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Key words
COVID-19; R0; SARS; SARS-CoV-2; basic reproduction number; contact precautions; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; iterative filtering; long-term care facility; nosocomial infection; patient-to-patient transmission; respiratory infections; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; statistical inference; stochastic modelling; transmission rate; viruses; zoonoses
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cross Infection
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Emerg Infect Dis
Journal subject:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
Year:
2022
Type:
Article