Modulation Strategies for the Preparation of High-Performance Catalysts for Urea Oxidation Reaction and Their Applications.
Small
; 19(45): e2301130, 2023 Nov.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37434036
ABSTRACT
Compared with the traditional electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, urea-assisted electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has significant advantages and has received extensive attention from researchers. Unfortunately, urea oxidation reaction (UOR) involves a complex six-electron transfer process leading to high overpotential, which forces researchers to develop high-performance UOR catalysts to drive the development of urea-assisted water splitting. Based on the UOR mechanism and extensive literature research, this review summarizes the strategies for preparing highly efficient UOR catalysts. First, the UOR mechanism is introduced and the characteristics of excellent UOR catalysts are pointed out. Aiming at this, the following modulation strategies are proposed to improve the catalytic performance based on summarizing various literature 1) Accelerating the active phase formation to reduce initial potential; 2) Creating double active sites to trigger a new UOR mechanism; 3) Accelerating urea adsorption and promoting CâN bond cleavage to ensure the effective conduct of UOR; 4) Promoting the desorption of CO2 to improve stability and prevent catalyst poisoning; 5) Promoting electron transfer to overcome the inherent slow dynamics of UOR; 6) Increasing active sites or active surface area. Then, the application of UOR in electrochemical devices is summarized. Finally, the current deficiencies and future directions are discussed.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Small
Journal subject:
ENGENHARIA BIOMEDICA
Year:
2023
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
China