Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on plasma and follicular fluid resolvin D1 concentration and mRNA abundance in granulosa cells in ewes.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on plasma and follicular fluid resolvin D1 (RvD1) concentration, and the mRNA expression of genes related to RvD1 synthesis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, reproductive hormone receptors and production, and free fatty acid receptors in ewes. Twenty-four ewes aged 2 to 4 yr were assigned to 12 pens and randomly allocated to one of three treatments: 1) diet without fatty acid supplementation (control), 2) diet with 0.5% n-3 PUFA (PUFA0.5), and 3) diet with 1% n-3 PUFA (PUFA1). Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and blood samples were obtained on day 1 and every 21 d for 3 mo. Ewes were then synchronized, superstimulated, and ovariectomized. Antral follicles were aspirated to evaluate follicular fluid RvD1 concentration, and granulosa cells were used to analyze mRNA concentration. We found no differences in BW and BCS between treatments. Plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentration increased concomitantly to increasing dietary PUFA supplementation. There was a positive correlation between plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentrations. Omega-3 PUFA increased the mRNA abundance of genes associated with RvD1 synthesis and oxidative damage response. In addition, PUFA supplementation linearly decreased the mRNA abundance of genes associated with inflammatory response. In conclusion, the positive correlation between plasma and follicular fluid RvD1 concentrations demonstrates a relationship between both compartments. Also, changes in gene expression after PUFA supplementation may have a beneficial effect on the follicle and, in turn, on reproduction.