[Analysis of active surveillance results of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province in 2019].

ABSTRACT

Objective: To conduct active surveillance of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province in 2019, to understand the status quo of occupational health of dust-exposed workers, timely detect occupational health damage and occupational hazard factors, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in the future. Methods: From January to December 2019, counties (cities and districts) with relatively concentrated dust hazard enterprises in Jiangsu Province were selected as monitoring points to carry out active surveillance of pneumoconiosis, and occupational health examination of dust workers (3540 people) in 255 enterprises were carried out, including chest radiographs and lung function examinations. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis of the data, and Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference level of the rate between different groups such as gender, age and service. Results: Among the 255 employers, small enterprises accounted for the highest proportion (186 enterprises, 72.94%), private economy accounted for the highest proportion (225 enterprises, 88.24%), and machinery manufacturing industry accounted for the highest proportion (44 enterprises, 17.25%). Among the 3540 workers exposed to dust, 6 suspected occupational diseases (0.17%), 50 occupational contraindications (1.41%), and 1469 other diseases or abnormalities (41.50%) were detected. Among the 3540 workers exposed to dust, 399 (11.27%) had abnormal chest radiography results, and 848 (23.95%) had abnormal lung function indicators. The abnormal detection rate of chest radiographs in males (12.25%, 359/2931) was higher than that in females (6.57%, 40/609), and the abnormal detection rate of lung function in females (32.18%, 196/609) was higher than that in males (22.24%, 652/2931), with statistical significance (P<0.05). The age of the workers exposed to dust ranged from 17 to 75 (41.78±10.39) years old, and the years of service in contact with dust of the workers ranged from 0.08 to 42 (6.72±7.47) years. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal chest radiography and abnormal lung function among different age and seniority workers (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/FVC were 13.79% (488/3540), 15.28% (541/3540) and 1.86% (66/3540), respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal chest radiography and abnormal lung function among workers exposed to different dust types (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are few suspected occupational diseases detected by active surveillance of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province in 2019, and there are differences in occupational health examination results among workers with different dust types, ages, genders and dust exposure years.