Performance analysis of hybrid deep learning framework using a vision transformer and convolutional neural network for handwritten digit recognition.

ABSTRACT

Digitization created a demand for highly efficient handwritten document recognition systems. A handwritten document consists of digits, text, symbols, diagrams, etc. Digits are an essential element of handwritten documents. Accurate recognition of handwritten digits is vital for effective communication and data analysis. Various researchers have attempted to address this issue with modern convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques. Even after training, CNN filter weights remain unchanged despite the high identification accuracy. As a result, the process cannot flexibly adapt to input changes. Hence computer vision researchers have recently become interested in Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). The shortcomings of CNNs gave rise to a hybrid model revolution that combines the best elements of the two fields. This paper analyzes how the hybrid convolutional ViT model affects the ability to recognize handwritten digits. Also, the real-time data contains noise, distortions, and varying writing styles. Hence, cleaned and uncleaned handwritten digit images are used for evaluation in this paper. The accuracy of the proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, and the result shows that the proposed model achieves the highest recognition accuracy. Also, the probable solutions for recognizing other aspects of handwritten documents are discussed in this paper.•Analyzed the effect of convolutional vision transformer on cleaned and real-time handwritten digit images.•The model's performance improved with the implication of cross-validation and hyper-parameter tuning.•The results show that the proposed model is robust, feasible, and effective on cleaned and uncleaned handwritten digits.