Hyposmia correlates with axial signs and gait disorder in Parkinson's disease: an Italian Olfactory Identification Test study.
Neurol Sci
; 45(8): 3791-3798, 2024 Aug.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38499888
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Olfactory dysfunction is a non-motor symptom and an important biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of its high prevalence (> 90%). Whether hyposmia correlates with motor symptoms is unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship between olfactory impairment with both motor and non-motor features and disease variables (disease duration, stage, and severity).METHODS:
One-hundred fifty-four PD patients were evaluated. Odor identification ability was tested using Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT). A comprehensive spectrum of motor and non-motor features was assessed. Cognitive function was investigated through MMSE. Patients were divided into 3 different clinical phenotypes using UPDRS-III tremor-dominant type (TDT), akinetic-rigid type (ART), and mixed type (MXT).RESULTS:
Three of the 33 IOIT items were most frequently misidentified basil (74.3%), coffee (66.9%), and mushroom (59.6%). Hyposmia was found in 93%. Hyposmic patients were older than controls (p = 0.01). Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) score of 2 or greater was associated with higher probability of being hyposmic (OR = 5.2, p = 0.01). IOIT score did not significantly differ between TDT, ART, and MXT of analyzed PD patients. Performance to IOIT inversely correlated with age (p < 0.01), disease duration (p = 0.01), and H&Y score of 2 or higher (p < 0.01). Clinical features that associated with higher IOIT score were freezing of gait (FOG) (p < 0.001) and camptocormia (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:
In our cohort, IOIT scores showed a positive correlation with axial motor signs, but not with non-motor symptoms. IOIT may be a useful tool not only for supporting PD diagnosis but also for providing prognostic information about motor function.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Parkinson Disease
/
Gait Disorders, Neurologic
Limits:
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
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Male
/
Middle aged
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
Neurol Sci
Journal subject:
NEUROLOGIA
Year:
2024
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Italy