Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the post-vaccination era: A systematic review.
Immun Inflamm Dis
; 12(4): e1259, 2024 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38661301
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVID-19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVID-19 in this patient population.METHODS:
To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022.RESULTS:
Our findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVID-19 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVID-19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively.CONCLUSION:
This demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Immunocompromised Host
/
COVID-19 Vaccines
/
COVID-19
/
Breakthrough Infections
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Immun Inflamm Dis
Year:
2024
Type:
Article