Nitrogen stable isotope analysis of sulfonamides by derivatization-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Anal Bioanal Chem
; 416(19): 4237-4247, 2024 Aug.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38849528
ABSTRACT
The continuous introduction of micropollutants into the environment through livestock farming, agricultural practices, and wastewater treatment is a major concern. Among these pollutants are synthetic sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole, which are not always fully degraded and pose a risk of fostering antimicrobial resistance. It is challenging to assess the degradation of sulfonamides with conventional concentration measurements. This study introduces compound-specific isotope analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios at natural abundances by derivatization-gas chromatography hyphenated with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (derivatization-GC-IRMS) as a new and more precise method for tracing the origin and degradation of sulfonamides. Here, sulfamethoxazole was used as a model compound to develop and optimize the derivatization conditions using (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane as a derivatization reagent. With the optimized conditions, accurate and reproducible δ15N analysis of sulfamethoxazole by derivatization-GC-IRMS was achieved in two different laboratories with a limit for precise isotope analysis of 3 nmol N on column, corresponding to 0.253 µg non-derivatized SMX. Application of the method to four further sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine, and sulfathiazole, shows the versatility of the developed method. Its benefit was demonstrated in a first application, highlighting the possibility of distinguishing sulfamethoxazole from different suppliers and pharmaceutical products.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Sulfonamides
/
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
/
Nitrogen Isotopes
Language:
En
Journal:
Anal Bioanal Chem
Year:
2024
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
China