Association between COVID-19 and subsequent depression diagnoses-A retrospective cohort study.
J Epidemiol Popul Health
; 72(4): 202532, 2024 Aug.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38852234
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The present study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and the cumulative incidence of depression and the potential role of sick leave in a large representative sample of German adults.METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study was based on the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) data. This study included individuals aged ≥16 years with a COVID-19 diagnosis in 1284 general practices in Germany between March 2020 and December 2021, and the propensity score matched cohort without COVID-19. Univariable Cox regression analysis assessed the association between COVID-19 and depression.RESULTS:
The present study included 61,736 individuals with and 61,736 without COVID-19 (mean age 46.1 years; 49 % women). Patients visited their physicians about 4.3 times per year during the follow-up period. About 25.5 % of patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 and 74.5 % in 2021. In this representative sample of German adults, COVID-19 infection was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of depression, and this cumulative incidence was greater in women than men. As compared with non-COVID-19, COVID-19 with ≤2 weeks sick leave duration was associated with 17 % higher depression risk (HR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.09-2.16), COVID-19 with >2-4 weeks sick leave duration with 37 % higher depression risk (HR 1.37; 95 % CI 1.11-1.69), and COVID-19 with >4 weeks sick leave duration with 2 times higher depression risk (HR 2.00; 95 % CI 1.45-2.76).CONCLUSION:
COVID-19 sick leave was positively associated with a risk for depression, and the longer the duration of sick leave, the higher the cumulative incidence of depression.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Sick Leave
/
Depression
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
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Male
/
Middle aged
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
J Epidemiol Popul Health
Year:
2024
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United kingdom