Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases.
J Nanobiotechnology
; 22(1): 463, 2024 Aug 02.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39095888
ABSTRACT
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Blood-Brain Barrier
/
Drug Delivery Systems
/
Neurodegenerative Diseases
/
Exosomes
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Nanobiotechnology
/
J. nanobiotechnology
/
Journal of nanobiotechnology
Year:
2024
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Iran