Postoperative cystography and endoscopic treatment of low-grade vesicoureteral reflux.

INTRODUCTION: The endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-bulking agents has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgery with a high success rate, especially for low-grade reflux (>90%). Though it is recognized that a routine postoperative voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is unnecessary following a ureteroneocystostomy, most teams perform one after an endoscopic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this paper, we report on our experience with the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in 72 ureteral units, for whom no routine postoperative cystography was performed. DISCUSSION: Two children presented with postoperative recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs), which were not correlated with cystography findings. Postoperative VCUGs after a ureteroneocystostomy are invasive and expose the child to radiation, they are associated with a substantial cost, and most of all, they do not allow the identification of those patients at risk of recurrent febrile UTIs. Further, the endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-bulking agents have been used for several years, and numerous studies, set in various clinical settings, have since been published, confirming excellent long-term results for low-grade reflux. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that postoperative cystograms should be reserved for children who present with recurrent UTIs, new sonographic abnormalities, or who were treated for high-grade reflux.