ADSS, adenylosuccinate synthetase; ATP, adenosine-5'-triphosphate; AUC, area under concentration curve; BMD, bone mineral density; Css, concentration at steady-state; Ctrough, trough concentration; DAAs, directly acting antiviral agents; EPO, erythropoietin; EVR, early virological response; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GTP, guanosine-5'-triphosphate; HCV; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Hb, hemoglobin; IFN, interferon; IMPDH, inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase; ITPA, inosine triphosphate pyro-phosphatase; PEG-IFN, pegylated-interferon; PSH, protein sulfhydryl; RBC, red blood cell; RBV, ribavirin; RNA, ribonucleic acid; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RVR, rapid virological response; STAT-C, specifically targeted therapy for hepatitis C; SVR, sustained virological response; TDM; TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring; plasma concentration; ribavirin