Combining downscaled-GRACE data with SWAT to improve the estimation of groundwater storage and depletion variations in the Irrigated Indus Basin (IIB).
Sci Total Environ
; 838(Pt 2): 156044, 2022 Sep 10.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35598670
ABSTRACT
The growth of agricultural production systems is a major driver of groundwater depletion worldwide. Balancing groundwater supply and food production requires localized understanding of groundwater storage and depletion variations in response to diverse cropping systems and surface water availability for irrigation. While advances through Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have facilitated estimating the groundwater storage (GWS) changes in recent years, the coarse resolution of GRACE data hinders the characterization of GWS variation hotspots. Herein, we present a novel spatial water balance approach to improve the distributed estimation of groundwater storage and depletion changes at a spatial scale that can detect the hotspots of GWS variation. We used a mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to downscale GRACE Level-3 data from coarse resolution (1° × 1°) to fine scale (1 km × 1 km) based on high resolution environmental variables. We then combined the downscaled GRACE-based GWS variations with results from a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We demonstrate an application of the approach in the Irrigated Indus Basin (IIB). Between 2002 and 2019, total loss of groundwater reserves varied in the IIB's 55 canal command areas with the highest loss observed in Dehli Doab by >50 km3 followed by 7.8-49 km3 in the upstream, and 0.77-7.77 km3 in the downstream canal command areas. GWS declined by -325.55 mm/year at Dehli Doab, followed by -186.86 mm/year at BIST Doab, -119.20 mm/year at BARI Doab, and -100.82 mm/year at JECH Doab. The rate of groundwater depletion is increasing in the canal command areas of Delhi Doab and BIST Doab by 0.21-0.35 m/year. Larger groundwater depletion in some canal command areas (e.g., RACHNA, BIST Doab, and Delhi Doab) is associated with the rice-wheat cropping system, low rainfall, and low flows from tributaries.
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01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
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Suelo
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Agua Subterránea
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Sci Total Environ
Año:
2022
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Article