Mono-ADP-ribosylation of peptides: an overview of synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies.

ABSTRACT

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that regulates vital biological processes like histone reorganization and DNA-damage repair through the modification of various amino acid residues. Due to advances in mass-spectrometry, the collection of long-known ADP-ribose (ADPr) acceptor sites, e.g. arginine, cysteine and glutamic acid, has been expanded with serine, tyrosine and histidine, among others. Well-defined ADPr-peptides are valuable tools for investigating the exact structures, mechanisms of action and interaction partners of the different flavors of this modification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies that enabled the construction of peptides mono-ADP-ribosylated on various amino acids, and close mimetics thereof.