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1.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants ; 27(2): 189-201, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33707862

RESUMEN

Freezing stress is a serious environmental factor that obstructs plant development. The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica has proved to be effective to confer abiotic stress tolerance to host plants. To investigate how P. indica improves freezing tolerance, we compared the expression profiles of P. indica-colonized and uncolonized Arabidopsis seedlings either exposed to freezing stress or not. Nearly 24 million (93.5%) reads were aligned on the Arabidopsis genome. 634 genes were differentially expressed between colonized and uncolonized Arabidopsis exposed to freezing stress. Interestingly, 193 Arabidopsis genes did not respond to freezing stress but were up-regulated by P. indica under freezing stress. Freezing stress-responsive genes encoded various members of the WRKY, ERF, bHLH, HSF, MYB and NAC transcription factor families. The qRT-PCR analyses confirmed the high-throughput sequencing results for 28 genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the fungus mainly controls genes for freezing-stress related proteins involved in lipid and ion transport, metabolism pathways and phytohormone signaling. Our findings identified novel target genes of P. indica in freezing-stress exposed plants and highlight the benefits of the endophyte for plants exposed to a less investigated environmental threat. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12298-020-00922-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

2.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 490(4): 1162-1167, 2017 09 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28668394

RESUMEN

Piriformospora indica is an endophytic fungus colonizing roots of a wide variety of plants. Previous studies showed that P. indica promotes early flowering and plant growth in the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii. To determine the impact of P. indica on flowering time in Arabidopsis, we co-cultivated the plants with P. indica under long day condition. P. indica inoculated Arabidopsis plants displayed significant early flowering phenotype. qRT-PCR analysis of colonized plants revealed an up-regulation of flowering regulatory (FLOWERING LOCUS T, LEAFY, and APETALA1) and gibberellin biosynthetic (Gibberellin 20-Oxidase2, Gibberellin 3-Oxidase1 and Gibberellin requiring1) genes, while the flowering-repressing gene FLOWERING LOCUS C was down regulated. Quantification of gibberellins content showed that the colonization with P. indica caused an increase in GA4 content. Compared to wild-type plants, inoculation of the Arabidopsis ga5 mutant affected in gibberellin biosynthetic gene led to less pronounced changes in the expression of genes regulating flowering and to a lower increase in GA4 content. Taken together, our data indicate that P. indica promotes early flowering in Arabidopsis likely by increasing gibberellin content.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Endófitos/metabolismo , Flores/metabolismo , Giberelinas/biosíntesis , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Flores/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología
3.
Plant Signal Behav ; 15(4): 1745472, 2020 04 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32228382

RESUMEN

The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica plays an important role in increasing abiotic stress tolerance of its host plants. To explore the impact of P. indica on freezing tolerance, Arabidopsis seedlings were co-cultivated with P. indica exposed to -6°C for 6 h. Freezing stress decreased the survival rate, electrolyte leakage, leaf temperature, water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence of Arabidopsis plants in comparison to the controls. P. indica colonizion reduced the negative effects of freezing, and the plants contained also higher amounts of soluble proteins, proline and ascorbic acid during the post-thaw recovery period (4°C; 12 h). In contrast, the H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels were reduced in seedlings colonized by the fungus. The brassinolide (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels dramatically increased and the transcript levels of several crucial freezing-stress related genes (CBFs, CORs, BZR1, SAG1 and PYL6) were higher in inoculated plants during the post-thaw recovery period. Finally, inocculated mutants impaired in the freezing tolerance response (such as ice1 for INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1, a crucial basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor for the cold-response pathway in Arabidopsis, cbf1, -2, -3 for C-REPEAT-Binding Factor, cor47 and -15 for COLD-REGULATED and siz1 encoding the SUMO E3 LIGASE) showed better survival rates and higher expression levels of freezing-related target genes after freezing compared to the inocculated controls. Our results demonstrate that P. indica confers freezing tolerance and better post-thaw recovery in Arabidopsis, and stimulates the expression of several genes involved in the CBF-dependent pathway.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Basidiomycota/fisiología , Congelación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fluorescencia , Iones , Mutación/genética , Fenotipo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Temperatura , Agua
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