Identification and Detection of Bioactive Peptides in Milk and Dairy Products: Remarks about Agro-Foods.

Food-based components represent major sources of functional bioactive compounds. Milk is a rich source of multiple bioactive peptides that not only help to fulfill consumers 'nutritional requirements but also play a significant role in preventing several health disorders. Understanding the chemical composition of milk and its products is critical for producing consistent and high-quality dairy products and functional dairy ingredients. Over the last two decades, peptides have gained significant attention by scientific evidence for its beneficial health impacts besides their established nutrient value. Increasing awareness of essential milk proteins has facilitated the development of novel milk protein products that are progressively required for nutritional benefits. The need to better understand the beneficial effects of milk-protein derived peptides has, therefore, led to the development of analytical approaches for the isolation, separation and identification of bioactive peptides in complex dairy products. Continuous emphasis is on the biological function and nutritional characteristics of milk constituents using several powerful techniques, namely omics, model cell lines, gut microbiome analysis and imaging techniques. This review briefly describes the state-of-the-art approach of peptidomics and lipidomics profiling approaches for the identification and detection of milk-derived bioactive peptides while taking into account recent progress in their analysis and emphasizing the difficulty of analysis of these functional and endogenous peptides.

Nano-Based Fertilizers and Pesticides: For Precision and Sustainable Agriculture.

Humanity depends (directly or indirectly) exclusively on agriculture for their survival. Due to the exponential growth in population, it is imperative to use new scientific tools and technologies such as nanotechnology in agriculture. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the use of nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in form of nanofertilizers (NFs) to enhance plant nourishment, reflecting their potential benefits and possible uses, and also assessing their potential impact on ecosystem. NFs possess an alternative approach as compared to biofertilizers, biopesticides and organic fertilizers that started from green revolution. NFs affect crop's nutritional quality and stress tolerance in plants. There are both pons and cons of NPs and NMs when used in agriculture. These studies are necessary because NPs and NMs can be transferred to ecosystems by various pathways where they can cause toxicity to organisms, affecting the biodiversity and abundance of such ecosystems, and may ultimately even be transferred to consumers. The progress in the crop improvement processes such as implementation of nanodevices for genetic manipulation of plants depends on advanced techniques used in nanotechnology.