Morphological Changes of the Mandibular Angle After Orthognathic Surgery with Class III Deformity in East Asia.

The aims of this study were to analyze the morphological changes of the mandibular angle after orthognathic surgery for mandibular setback and investigate related factors. This retrospective study included patients from January 2017 to December 2021 diagnosed with skeletal class III deformity who underwent BSSRO (Group I) or bimaxillary surgery (Group II). Preoperative (T0), within 1 month postoperatively (T1), and 6 months postoperatively (T2) CT scans were collected from 61 patients to three-dimensionally analyze the proximal segment displacement, the linear and angular changes of the mandibular angle. The gonion points moved posteriorly and laterally (P < 0.001), while the inferior movement was not significant (P = 1.000, P = 0.274). The intergonial width increased by 3.32 ± 1.87 mm and 2.34 ± 1.77 mm as revealed by T2 CTs, respectively, in Group I and Group II. Mandibular angle decreased in both groups and by 1.41 ± 2.95° in Group I and 1.37 ± 3.41° in Group II. The increase in intergonial width between T1 and T0 was negatively correlated with the preoperative mandibular angle (P = 0.003) and positively correlated with the transverse outward movement of the proximal segment (P < 0.001). After surgery, the intergonial width increased and the inferior and posterior border of the proximal segment flared outward. The changes in intergonial width and mandibular angle were mainly related to the rotation of the proximal segment, which has a certain impact on the aesthetics of the lower face. Therefore, controlling the position of the proximal segment is of vital importance to lessen the changes in the mandibular angle area.Level of Evidence III. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Genetic and environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety: a nuclear twin family design.

BACKGROUND: A dominant feature of anxiety disorders is familial aggregation. However, the underlying mechanisms of between- and within-generational anxiety resemblance remain poorly understood. By disentangling the genetic v. environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety, we can help prevent within-family transmission of anxiety disorders. Therefore, data from both parents and twins are needed to obtain unbiased and detailed estimations of genetic and environmental sources of similarity between family members. METHODS: We examined data from 991 families with same-sex twins. Trait anxiety in twins was assessed via self-report and parent report, while parental trait anxiety was assessed via self-report. We established a nuclear twin family model and estimated genetic and environmental variances using two survey waves. RESULTS: The results suggested that additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), and non-shared environmental (E) influences significantly contributed to trait anxiety, whereas familial environmental influences (F) and passive gene-environment correlations (rGE) did not. Sibling environmental influences (S) were only found in self-report data, and increased when genetic influences decreased from Wave 1 to Wave 2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the important role of broad heritability in intrafamilial trait anxiety similarity. Parent-child resemblance occurred primarily due to shared genetic makeup rather than direct environmental transmission. Sibling-specific environments, as the only source of shared environments, need further investigation. These findings have both theoretical and practical significance for anxiety disorders. Future research can expand our understanding by examining the gene-environment interplay and sex differences.

The Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt): An Update.

The Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt), which was established in 2006, is an ongoing study aiming to investigate the genetic and environmental etiology of adolescent psychopathology. Resting-state brain imaging datasets have been examined for same-sex twins, and other psychological traits and emotional and behavioral variables have been examined for all twins. Based on the registry, the main findings regarding the etiological mechanism underlying adolescent development, magnetic resonance imaging results, and genetic and environmental influences on other psychological traits have been published. This article summarizes the key findings in these three areas and discusses future plans for the BeTwiSt.

The importance of the mortice and tenon joint on the zygomatic arch in reduction malarplasty-a retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to compare two kinds of reduction malarplasty in terms of their bony consolidation. Patients that underwent reduction malarplasty were reviewed retrospectively. The medial movement of the zygomatic body and the zygomatic arch as well as the complications and satisfaction of patients were investigated. The surgical procedure entailed a classical or modified L-shaped osteotomy through intraoral and sideburn approaches. Two groups were distinguished, those for whom a mortice and tenon joint was formed on the zygomatic arch (Group I), and those that formed end-to-end bone contact (Group II). All the cases in Group I showed an improved facial contour with sufficient bone contact. A larger medial movement of the zygomatic arch was observed in Group I (4.54 ± 0.41 mm) than in Group II (2.72 ± 0.29 mm) (P = 0.016). More bone malunion was observed in six cases of Group II (P = 0.030) and four required a second operation. In conclusion, this study indicates that the mortice and tenon approach is preferable when the priority is bony consolidation.

Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group Registry (CSTAR) XIV: the subjective well-being of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can significantly influence patients' quality of life and subjective well-being (SWB), but the relationships between clinical characteristics, SWB, and related psychological factors have been little studied. Objective: To measure SWB in patients with SLE and examine how major clinical determinants, emotional variables, and related positive factors affect SWB. Methods: Overall, 1,110 patients with SLE from the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) and 198 age and gender-matched individuals from the general population without self-reported SLE were invited to complete questionnaires of SWB evaluated by the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), emotional variables assessed by the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and related positive factors assessed by the self-esteem scale (SES), general self-efficacy scale (GESE), and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). The multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between clinical manifestations and SWB. Results: Life satisfaction was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in patients with SLE than in the general population. Active skin involvement (OR = 0.923, 95% CI = 0.868-0.981, p < 0.05) was negatively associated with life satisfaction scores, and age at enrollment (OR = 1.160, 95% CI = 1.092-1.230, p < 0.001) were positively associated with life satisfaction scores in the multivariate regression model. The cumulative organ damage was significantly associated with depression (OR = 1.085, 95% CI = 1.022-1.153, p < 0.01) and the loss of self-esteem (OR = 1.067, 95% CI = 1.004-1.133, p < 0.05). Conclusion: SWB provides useful insight into the impact of SLE on psychological health and opportunities to improve quality of life and clinical care.

Application of a crisis management nursing system in the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of a nursing crisis management system in the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. METHODS: A retrospective nursing method was implemented. A total of 280 cases of patients were diagnosed with coronavirus pneumonia in the isolation ward of our hospital. The 280 cases of newly diagnosed pneumonia were divided into two groups: the nursing crisis management system group (n=150, the nursing crisis management was given) and the non-nursing crisis management system (n=130, routine nursing management was given). The psychological status (profile of mood states (POMS) score) of nursing staff before and after the implementation of the nursing crisis management, the psychological status of patients after the implementation of nursing crisis management (POMS score), emotion, cognition, behavior severity, patients' satisfaction with nursing, treatment compliance (Morisky Medication Compliance Scale (MMAS) score) of patients, the rate of cure of patients and the infection rate of nursing staff were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the non-nursing crisis management system group, the POMS scores of patients and nurses in the nursing crisis management system group decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-nursing crisis management system group, the emotional, cognitive and behavioral scores of patients in the nursing crisis management system group were lower, while the MMAS score, satisfaction with nursing and cure rate were significantly increased (all P<0.05). The 142 nursing staff did not catch coronavirus. CONCLUSION: During the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak and the current normal epidemic prevention and control periods, our crisis management mode was introduced into nursing work. The construction of the nursing crisis management mode under the epidemic situation can improve the psychological state and improve the management efficiency of the patients and nurses. The patients' satisfaction is high and the treatment compliance is good.

LanCL1 promotes motor neuron survival and extends the lifespan of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Improving neuronal survival in ALS remains a significant challenge. Previously, we identified Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1) as a neuronal antioxidant defense gene, the genetic deletion of which causes apoptotic neurodegeneration in the brain. Here, we report in vivo data using the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS indicating that CNS-specific expression of LanCL1 transgene extends lifespan, delays disease onset, decelerates symptomatic progression, and improves motor performance of SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, CNS-specific deletion of LanCL1 leads to neurodegenerative phenotypes, including motor neuron loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage. Analysis reveals that LanCL1 is a positive regulator of AKT activity, and LanCL1 overexpression restores the impaired AKT activity in ALS model mice. These findings indicate that LanCL1 regulates neuronal survival through an alternative mechanism, and suggest a new therapeutic target in ALS.

Role of piwi-interacting RNA-651 in the carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs/piRs) are small non-coding RNAs that can serve important roles in genome stability by silencing transposable genetic elements. piR651, one of these novel piRNAs, regulates a number of biological functions, as well as carcinogenesis. Previous studies have reported that piR651 is overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues and in several cancer cell lines, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. However, the role of piRNAs in carcinogenesis has not been clearly defined. In the present study, a small interfering RNA inhibitor of piR651 was transfected into the NSCLC A549 and HCC827 cell lines to evaluate the effect of piR651 on cell growth. The association between piR651 expression and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Wound-healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to determine the effect of piR651 on the migration and invasion of NSCLC cell lines. The results revealed that inhibition of piR651 inhibited cell proliferation and significantly increased the apoptotic rate compared with the negative control (NC), as well as altering the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. There were fewer migrating and invading cells in the piR651-inhibited group than in the NC group in the Transwell assays. Furthermore, in the wound-healing assay, the wound remained wider in the piR651 inhibitor group, suggesting decreased cell migration compared with that in the NC group. The results of the present study demonstrate that piR651 potentially regulates NSCLC tumorigenic behavior by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion and by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, piR651 is a potential cancer diagnosis marker.

Age-related differences in attention and memory toward emotional stimuli.

From the perspectives of time perception and motivation, socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) postulates that in comparison with younger adults, older adults tend to prefer positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Currently the cross-cultural consistency of this positivity effect (PE) is still not clear. While empirical evidence for Western populations is accumulating, the validation of the PE in Asians is still rare. The current study compared 28 younger and 24 older Chinese adults in the processing of emotional information. Eye-tracking and recognition data of participants in processing pictures with positive, negative, or neutral emotional information sampled from the International Affection Picture System were collected. The results showed less negative bias for emotional attention in older adults than in younger adults, whereas for emotional recognition, only younger adults showed a negative bias while older adults showed no bias between negative and positive emotional information. Overall, compared with younger adults, emotional processing was more positive in older adults. It was concluded that Chinese older adults show a PE.

Developmental and activity-dependent expression of LanCL1 confers antioxidant activity required for neuronal survival.

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases with neuronal activity that accompanies synaptic development and function. Transcription-related factors and metabolic enzymes that are expressed in all tissues have been described to counteract neuronal ROS to prevent oxidative damage. Here, we describe the antioxidant gene LanCL1 that is prominently enriched in brain neurons. Its expression is developmentally regulated and induced by neuronal activity, neurotrophic factors implicated in neuronal plasticity and survival, and oxidative stress. Genetic deletion of LanCL1 causes enhanced accumulation of ROS in brain, as well as development-related lipid, protein, and DNA damage; mitochondrial dysfunction; and apoptotic neurodegeneration. LanCL1 transgene protects neurons from ROS. LanCL1 protein purified from eukaryotic cells catalyzes the formation of thioether products similar to glutathione S-transferase. These studies reveal a neuron-specific glutathione defense mechanism that is essential for neuronal function and survival.