Increasing uptake of long-acting reversible contraception with structured contraceptive counselling: cluster randomised controlled trial (the LOWE trial).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of structured contraceptive counselling on the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and pregnancy rates. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTING: Abortion, youth and maternal health clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. POPULATION: Sexually active women aged ≥18 years without a wish for pregnancy seeking abortion and/or contraceptive counselling. METHODS: For participants in clinics randomised to intervention, trained healthcare providers implemented a study-specific intervention package designed for structured contraceptive counselling. Participants in the control clinics received routine counselling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was choice of LARCs at first visit. Secondary outcomes were LARC initiation at 3 months and pregnancy rates at 3 and 12 months. We used logistic mixed-effects models with random intercept for clinic to account for clustering. RESULTS: From September 2017 to May 2019, 28 randomised clinics enrolled 1364 participants. Analyses including 1338 subjects showed that more participants in the intervention group compared with the control group chose LARCs: 267/658 (40.6%) versus 206/680 (30.3%) (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.99-3.86). LARC initiation was higher in the intervention group compared with the control group: 213/528 (40.3%) versus 153/531 (28.8%) (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.22-2.49). At the abortion clinics, the pregnancy rate was significantly lower at 12 months in the intervention group compared with the control group: 13/101 (12.9%) versus 28/103 (27.2%) (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Structured contraceptive counselling increased LARC uptake in all clinics and significantly reduced unintended pregnancy rates in abortion clinics at the 12 months follow-up. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Structured contraceptive counselling increased LARC uptake and reduced pregnancy rates at 12 months.

Efficacy and safety of very early medical termination of pregnancy: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP) when no intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) is confirmed on ultrasound. DESIGN: Retrospective case-note review. SETTING: Two gynaecological clinics in Vienna, Austria, and Gothenburg, Sweden. POPULATION: All women with gestations of ≤49 days undergoing an MTOP during 2004-14 (Vienna) and 2012-15 (Gothenburg). METHODS: Two study cohorts were created: women with and women without a confirmed IUP. An IUP was defined as the intrauterine location of a yolk sac or fetal structure visible by ultrasound. Women with an IUP were selected randomly and included in the IUP cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy of MTOP, defined as no continuing pregnancy and with no need of surgery for incomplete TOP. RESULTS: After excluding 11 women diagnosed with an extra-uterine or molar pregnancy, 2643 cases were included in the final analysis; 1120 (98.2%) had a successful TOP in the no-IUP group, compared with 1458 (97.1%) in the IUP group, with a risk difference of 1.09% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, -0.14, 2.32%; P = 0.077). Significantly more women with confirmed IUP were diagnosed with incomplete TOP, and were treated with either surgery or additional medical treatment of misoprostol [64 (4.3%) versus 21 (1.8%); risk difference -2.42%; 95% CI -3.9, -1.1%; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between the groups in efficacy of MTOP, whereas early treatment resulted in significantly fewer interventions for incomplete TOP. The risk of ectopic pregnancy needs to be considered if treatment is initiated before an IUP is confirmed, but with structured clinical protocols the possibility of the early detection of an ectopic pregnancy in an asymptomatic phase may increase. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: MTOP before confirmed intrauterine pregnancy is as effective as at later gestation with less incomplete TOP.

Search for a two-Higgs-boson doublet using a simplified model in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV.

We present a search for new particles in an extension to the standard model that includes a heavy Higgs boson (H(0)), a lighter charged Higgs boson (H(±)), and an even lighter Higgs boson h(0), with decays leading to a W-boson pair and a bottom-antibottom quark pair in the final state. We use events with exactly one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt[s]= 1.96 TeV. We find the data to be consistent with standard model predictions and report the results in terms of a simplified Higgs-cascade-decay model, setting 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction from 1.3 pb to 15 fb as a function of H(0) and H(±) masses for m(h)(0) = 126 GeV/c(2).

Measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase in the full CDF data set.

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase ß(s) using the time evolution of B(s)(0)→J/ψ(→µ(+)µ(-))φ(→K(+)K(-)) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at √s=1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of ß(s) and the B(s)(0) decay-width difference ΔΓ(s) and measure ß(s)∈[-π/2,-1.51]∪[-0.06,0.30]∪[1.26,π/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of ß(s), we also determine ΔΓ(s)=0.068±0.026(stat)±0.009(syst) ps(-1) and the mean B(s)(0) lifetime τ(s)=1.528±0.019(stat)±0.009(syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.

Search for the standard model Higgs Boson produced in association with top quarks using the full CDF data set.

A search is presented for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with top quarks using the full Run II proton-antiproton collision data set, corresponding to 9.45 fb(-1), collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No significant excess over the expected background is observed, and 95% credibility-level upper bounds are placed on the cross section σ(ttH → lepton + missing transverse energy+jets). For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c(2), we expect to set a limit of 12.6 and observe a limit of 20.5 times the standard model rate. This represents the most sensitive search for a standard model Higgs boson in this channel to date.

Measurements of the top-quark mass and the tt cross section in the hadronic τ+jets decay channel at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV.

We present the first direct measurement of the top-quark mass using tt events decaying in the hadronic τ+jets decay channel. Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, we measure the tt cross section, σ(tt), and the top-quark mass, M(top). We extract M(top) from a likelihood based on per-event probabilities calculated with leading-order signal and background matrix elements. We measure σ(tt) = 8.8 ± 3.3(stat) ± 2.2(syst) pb and M(top) = 172.7 ± 9.3(stat) ± 3.7(syst) GeV/c(2).

Precision top-quark mass measurement at CDF.

We present a precision measurement of the top-quark mass using the full sample of Tevatron √s = 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collisions collected by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb(-1). Using a sample of tt¯ candidate events decaying into the lepton+jets channel, we obtain distributions of the top-quark masses and the invariant mass of two jets from the W boson decays from data. We then compare these distributions to templates derived from signal and background samples to extract the top-quark mass and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets with in situ calibration. The likelihood fit of the templates from signal and background events to the data yields the single most-precise measurement of the top-quark mass, M(top)=172.85±0.71(stat)±0.85(syst) GeV/c(2).

Search for a Higgs boson in the diphoton final state in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV.

A search for a narrow Higgs boson resonance in the diphoton mass spectrum is presented based on data corresponding to 7.0 fb{-1} of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV collected by the CDF experiment. No evidence of such a resonance is observed, and upper limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio of the resonant state as a function of Higgs boson mass. The limits are interpreted in the context of the standard model and one fermiophobic benchmark model where the data exclude fermiophobic Higgs bosons with masses below 114 GeV/c{2} at a 95% Bayesian credibility level.

Measurements of the angular distributions of muons from Υ decays in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV.

The angular distributions of muons from Υ(1S,2S,3S) → µ+ µ- decays are measured using data from pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.7 fb(-1) and collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. This analysis is the first to report the full angular distributions as functions of transverse momentum p(T) for Υ mesons in both the Collins-Soper and s-channel helicity frames. This is also the first measurement of the spin alignment of Υ(3S) mesons. Within the kinematic range of Υ rapidity |y|<0.6 and p(T) up to 40 GeV/c, the angular distributions are found to be nearly isotropic.

Precise measurement of the W-boson mass with the CDF II detector.

We have measured the W-boson mass M(W) using data corresponding to 2.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting of 470,126 W → eν candidates and 624,708 W → µν candidates yield the measurement M(W) = 80,387 ± 12(stat.) ± 15(syst.) = 80,387 ± 19 MeV/c2. This is the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the precision of all previous measurements combined.

Measurement of the difference in CP-violating asymmetries in D(0)→K(+)K(-) and D(0)→π(+)π(-) decays at CDF.

We report a measurement of the difference (ΔA(CP)) between time-integrated CP-violating asymmetries in D(0)→K(+)K(-) and D(0)→π(+)π(-) decays reconstructed in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to 9.7 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The strong decay D(*+)→D(0)π(+) is used to identify the charm meson at production as D(0) or D[over ¯](0). We measure ΔA(CP)=[-0.62±0.21(stat)±0.10(syst)]%, which differs from zero by 2.7 Gaussian standard deviations. This result supports similar evidence for CP violation in charm-quark decays obtained in proton-proton collisions.

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with two oppositely charged leptons using the full CDF data set.

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson in data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb(-1). In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the Z boson to electron or muon pairs, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the ZH production cross section times the H→bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c(2), we observe (expect) a limit of 7.1 (3.9) times the standard model value.

Combined search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair using the full CDF data set.

We combine the results of searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson based on the full CDF Run II data set obtained from sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV pp collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb(-1). The searches are conducted for Higgs bosons that are produced in association with a W or Z boson, have masses in the range 90-150 GeV/c(2), and decay into bb pairs. An excess of data is present that is inconsistent with the background prediction at the level of 2.5 standard deviations (the most significant local excess is 2.7 standard deviations).

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with one charged lepton and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set.

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson in sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV pp collision data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb(-1). In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the W boson to an electron or muon and a neutrino, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the WH production cross section times the H→bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c(2), we observe (expect) a limit of 4.9 (2.8) times the standard model value.

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with no charged leptons and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set.

We report on a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV recorded by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb(-1). We consider events having no identified charged lepton, a transverse energy imbalance, and two or three jets, of which at least one is consistent with originating from the decay of a b quark. We place 95% credibility level upper limits on the production cross section times standard model branching fraction for several mass hypotheses between 90 and 150 GeV/c(2). For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c(2), the observed (expected) limit is 6.7 (3.6) times the standard model prediction.

Search for a dark matter candidate produced in association with a single top quark in pp collisions at √[s]=1.96 TeV.

We report a new search for dark matter in a data sample of an integrated luminosity of 7.7 fb-1 of Tevatron pp[over ¯] collisions at √[s]=1.96 TeV, collected by the CDF II detector. We search for production of a dark-matter candidate, D, in association with a single top quark. We consider the hadronic decay mode of the top quark exclusively, yielding a final state of three jets with missing transverse energy. The data are consistent with the standard model; we thus set 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section of the process pp[over ¯]→t+D as a function of the mass of the dark-matter candidate. The limits are approximately 0.5 pb for a dark-matter particle with mass in the range of 0-150 GeV/c2.

Measurement of Bs0→Ds(*)+Ds(*)- branching ratios.

The decays Bs0→Ds(*)+Ds(*)- are reconstructed in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.8 fb-1 collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron pp[over ¯] collider. All decay modes are observed with a significance of more than 10σ, and we measure the Bs0 production rate times Bs0→Ds(*)+Ds(*)- branching ratios relative to the normalization mode B0→Ds+D-to be 0.183±0.021±0.017 for Bs0→Ds+Ds-, 0.424±0.046±0.035 for Bs0→Ds*±Ds^∓, 0.654±0.072±0.065 for Bs0→Ds*+Ds*-, and 1.261±0.095±0.112 for the inclusive decay Bs0→Ds(*)+Ds(*)-, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic. These results are the most precise single measurements to date and provide important constraints for indirect searches for nonstandard model physics in Bs0 mixing.

Search for dark matter in events with one jet and missing transverse energy in pp¯ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV.

We present the results of a search for dark matter production in the monojet signature. We analyze a sample of Tevatron pp[over ¯] collisions at √s=1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.7 fb(-1) recorded by the CDF II detector. In events with large missing transverse energy and one energetic jet, we find good agreement between the standard model prediction and the observed data. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the dark matter production rate. The limits are translated into bounds on nucleon-dark matter scattering rates which are competitive with current direct detection bounds on spin-independent interaction below a dark matter candidate mass of 5 GeV/c(2), and on spin-dependent interactions up to masses of 200 GeV/c(2).

Search for a heavy particle decaying to a top quark and a light quark in pp ¯ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV.

We present a search for a new heavy particle X produced in association with a top quark, pp[over ¯]→t(X→t[over ¯]q) or pp[over ¯]→t[over ¯](X[over ¯]→tq[over ¯]), where q stands for up quarks and down quarks. Such a particle may explain the recent anomalous measurements of top-quark forward-backward asymmetry. If the light-flavor quark (q) is reconstructed as a jet (j), this gives a t[over ¯]+j or t+j resonance in tt[over ¯]+jet events, a previously unexplored experimental signature. In a sample of events with exactly one lepton, missing transverse momentum and at least five jets, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector, we find the data to be consistent with the standard model. We set cross-section upper limits on the production (pp[over ¯]→Xt or X[over ¯]t[over ¯]) at 95% confidence level from 0.61 pb to 0.02 pb for X masses ranging from 200 GeV/c(2) to 800 GeV/c(2), respectively.

Evidence for the charmless annihilation decay mode B(s)(0)→π(+)π(-).

We search for annihilation decay modes of neutral b mesons into pairs of charmless charged hadrons with the upgraded Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using a data sample corresponding to 6 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, we obtain the first evidence for the B(s)(0)→π(+)π(-) decay, with a significance of 3.7σ, and a measured branching ratio B(B(s)(0)→π(+)π(-))=(0.57±0.15(stat)±0.10(syst))×10(-6). A search for the B(0)→K(+)K(-) mode in the same sample yields a significance of 2.0σ, and a central value estimate B(B(0)→K(+)K(-))=(0.23±0.10(stat)±0.10(syst))×10(-6).