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1.
Nature ; 578(7794): 306-310, 2020 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31969702

RESUMEN

Proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain family are epigenetic readers that bind acetylated histones through their bromodomains to regulate gene transcription. Dual-bromodomain BET inhibitors (DbBi) that bind with similar affinities to the first (BD1) and second (BD2) bromodomains of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDt have displayed modest clinical activity in monotherapy cancer trials. A reduced number of thrombocytes in the blood (thrombocytopenia) as well as symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity are dose-limiting adverse events for some types of DbBi1-5. Given that similar haematological and gastrointestinal defects were observed after genetic silencing of Brd4 in mice6, the platelet and gastrointestinal toxicities may represent on-target activities associated with BET inhibition. The two individual bromodomains in BET family proteins may have distinct functions7-9 and different cellular phenotypes after pharmacological inhibition of one or both bromodomains have been reported10,11, suggesting that selectively targeting one of the bromodomains may result in a different efficacy and tolerability profile compared with DbBi. Available compounds that are selective to individual domains lack sufficient potency and the pharmacokinetics properties that are required for in vivo efficacy and tolerability assessment10-13. Here we carried out a medicinal chemistry campaign that led to the discovery of ABBV-744, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of the BD2 domain of BET family proteins with drug-like properties. In contrast to the broad range of cell growth inhibition induced by DbBi, the antiproliferative activity of ABBV-744 was largely, but not exclusively, restricted to cell lines of acute myeloid leukaemia and prostate cancer that expressed the full-length androgen receptor (AR). ABBV-744 retained robust activity in prostate cancer xenografts, and showed fewer platelet and gastrointestinal toxicities than the DbBi ABBV-07514. Analyses of RNA expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that ABBV-744 displaced BRD4 from AR-containing super-enhancers and inhibited AR-dependent transcription, with less impact on global transcription compared with ABBV-075. These results underscore the potential value of selectively targeting the BD2 domain of BET family proteins for cancer therapy.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/química , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Dominios Proteicos/efectos de los fármacos , Piridinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Transcripción/química , Animales , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Piridinas/toxicidad , Pirroles/efectos adversos , Pirroles/toxicidad , Ratas , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
2.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 28(10): 1804-1810, 2018 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29678460

RESUMEN

Novel conformationally constrained BET bromodomain inhibitors have been developed. These inhibitors were optimized in two similar, yet distinct chemical series, the 6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7(6H)-ones (A) and the 1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-7(6H)-ones (B). Each series demonstrated excellent activity in binding and cellular assays, and lead compounds from each series demonstrated significant efficacy in in vivo tumor xenograft models.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piridonas/química , Factores de Transcripción/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Semivida , Humanos , Ratones , Microsomas/metabolismo , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacología , Piridonas/uso terapéutico , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Trasplante Heterólogo
3.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 491(3): 681-686, 2017 09 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28756225

RESUMEN

Cancer cells have an unusually high requirement for the central and intermediary metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and NAD+ depletion ultimately results in cell death. The rate limiting step within the NAD+ salvage pathway required for converting nicotinamide to NAD+ is catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Targeting NAMPT has been investigated as an anti-cancer strategy, and several highly selective small molecule inhibitors have been found to potently inhibit NAMPT in cancer cells, resulting in NAD+ depletion and cytotoxicity. To identify mechanisms that could cause resistance to NAMPT inhibitor treatment, we generated a human fibrosarcoma cell line refractory to the highly potent and selective NAMPT small molecule inhibitor, GMX1778. We uncovered novel and unexpected mechanisms of resistance including significantly increased expression of quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), a key enzyme in the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway. Additionally, exome sequencing of the NAMPT gene in the resistant cells identified a single heterozygous point mutation that was not present in the parental cell line. The combination of upregulation of the NAD+ de novo synthesis pathway through QPRT over-expression and NAMPT mutation confers resistance to GMX1778, but the cells are only partially resistant to next-generation NAMPT inhibitors. The resistance mechanisms uncovered herein provide a potential avenue to continue exploration of next generation NAMPT inhibitors to treat neoplasms in the clinic.


Asunto(s)
Cianuros/administración & dosificación , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Citocinas/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosarcoma/metabolismo , Guanidinas/administración & dosificación , NAD/biosíntesis , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/genética , Anilidas , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Línea Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Fibrosarcoma/genética , Humanos , Mutación/genética , NAD/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento
4.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther ; 343(3): 617-27, 2012 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22935731

RESUMEN

ABT-348 [1-(4-(4-amino-7-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea] is a novel ATP-competitive multitargeted kinase inhibitor with nanomolar potency (IC(50)) for inhibiting binding and cellular autophosphorylation of Aurora B (7 and 13 nM), C (1 and 13 nM), and A (120 and 189 nM). Cellular activity against Aurora B is reflected by inhibition of phosphorylation of histone H3, induction of polyploidy, and inhibition of proliferation of a variety of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor cell lines (IC(50) = 0.3-21 nM). In vivo inhibition of Aurora B was confirmed in an engrafted leukemia model by observing a decrease in phosphorylation of histone H3 that persisted in a dose-dependent manner for 8 h and correlated with plasma concentration of ABT-348. Evaluation of ABT-348 across a panel of 128 kinases revealed additional potent binding activity (K(i) < 30 nM) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) families and the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. VEGFR/PDGFR binding activity correlated with inhibition of autophosphorylation in cells and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation (IC(50) ≤ 0.3 nM). Evidence of on-target activity in vivo was provided by the potency for blocking VEGF-mediated vascular permeability and inducing plasma placental growth factor. Activity against the Src kinase family was evident in antiproliferative activity against BCR-ABL chronic myeloid leukemia cells and cells expressing the gleevec-resistant BCR-ABL T315I mutation. On the basis of its unique spectrum of activity, ABT-348 was evaluated and found effective in representative solid tumor [HT1080 and pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPaCa), tumor stasis] and hematological malignancy (RS4;11, regression) xenografts. These results provide the rationale for clinical assessment of ABT-348 as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.


Asunto(s)
Aminopiridinas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores del Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Familia-src Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Aminopiridinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Aurora Quinasa B , Aurora Quinasas , Línea Celular Tumoral , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Histonas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Experimental/enzimología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones SCID , Estructura Molecular , Células 3T3 NIH , Compuestos de Fenilurea/química , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
5.
Mol Cancer Ther ; 20(10): 1809-1819, 2021 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34253595

RESUMEN

Dual bromodomain BET inhibitors that bind with similar affinities to the first and second bromodomains across BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT have displayed modest activity as monotherapy in clinical trials. Thrombocytopenia, closely followed by symptoms characteristic of gastrointestinal toxicity, have presented as dose-limiting adverse events that may have prevented escalation to higher dose levels required for more robust efficacy. ABBV-744 is a highly selective inhibitor for the second bromodomain of the four BET family proteins. In contrast to the broad antiproliferative activities observed with dual bromodomain BET inhibitors, ABBV-744 displayed significant antiproliferative activities largely although not exclusively in cancer cell lines derived from acute myeloid leukemia and androgen receptor positive prostate cancer. Studies in acute myeloid leukemia xenograft models demonstrated antitumor efficacy for ABBV-744 that was comparable with the pan-BET inhibitor ABBV-075 but with an improved therapeutic index. Enhanced antitumor efficacy was also observed with the combination of ABBV-744 and the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax compared with monotherapies of either agent alone. These results collectively support the clinical evaluation of ABBV-744 in AML (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03360006).


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piridinas/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
6.
Cancer Res ; 77(11): 2976-2989, 2017 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28416490

RESUMEN

ABBV-075 is a potent and selective BET family bromodomain inhibitor that recently entered phase I clinical trials. Comprehensive preclinical characterization of ABBV-075 demonstrated broad activity across cell lines and tumor models, representing a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumor indications. In most cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors, ABBV-075 triggers prominent G1 cell-cycle arrest without extensive apoptosis. In this study, we show that ABBV-075 efficiently triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cells. Apoptosis induced by ABBV-075 was mediated in part by modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, exhibiting synergy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in preclinical models of AML. In germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, BCL-2 levels or venetoclax sensitivity predicted the apoptotic response to ABBV-075 treatment. In vivo combination studies uncovered surprising benefits of low doses of ABBV-075 coupled with bortezomib and azacitidine treatment, despite the lack of in vitro synergy between ABBV-075 and these agents. The in vitro/in vivo activities of ABBV-075 described here may serve as a useful reference to guide the development of ABBV-075 and other BET family inhibitors for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2976-89. ©2017 AACR.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Piridonas/uso terapéutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Piridonas/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Transfección
7.
J Med Chem ; 60(20): 8369-8384, 2017 10 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28949521

RESUMEN

The development of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) bromodomain inhibitors and their examination in clinical studies, particularly in oncology settings, has garnered substantial recent interest. An effort to generate novel BET bromodomain inhibitors with excellent potency and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties was initiated based upon elaboration of a simple pyridone core. Efforts to develop a bidentate interaction with a critical asparagine residue resulted in the incorporation of a pyrrolopyridone core, which improved potency by 9-19-fold. Additional structure-activity relationship (SAR) efforts aimed both at increasing potency and improving pharmacokinetic properties led to the discovery of the clinical candidate 63 (ABBV-075/mivebresib), which demonstrates excellent potency in biochemical and cellular assays, advantageous exposures and half-life both in animal models and in humans, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models of cancer progression and inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Proteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piridonas/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Semivida , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Ratones , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Piridonas/química , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética
8.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 43(3): 225-32, 2002 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12106956

RESUMEN

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing. Since most published data are on nosocomial MRSA, our goal was to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistance mechanisms of pretreatment MRSA isolates obtained from adult subjects participating in recent clinical treatment trials of community respiratory infections. Out of 465 S. aureus isolates, 43 were identified as MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated susceptibility rates to: vancomycin (100%), gentamicin (86%), clindamycin (39%), quinolones (49%), and erythromycin (12%). Among our MRSA isolates, the MLS constitutive phenotype and ermA were more prevalent than the MLS inducible phenotype and ermC. No isolates had ermB or msrA. All ciprofloxacin resistant isolates had an amino acid change in GyrA and GrlA. The relatedness of our MRSA strains was assessed by ribotyping. Our results indicate that MRSA from adult subjects with community respiratory infections have similar antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistance mechanisms as nosocomial MRSA, and represent a genetically diverse group.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Resistencia a la Meticilina/genética , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Adulto , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Girasa de ADN/genética , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Metiltransferasas/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación
9.
Int J Cancer ; 119(12): 2784-94, 2006 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17019715

RESUMEN

The majority of cancer therapeutics induces DNA damage to kill cells. Normal proliferating cells undergo cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage, thus allowing DNA repair to protect the genome. DNA damage induced cell cycle arrest depends on an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction network in which the Chk1 kinase plays a critical role. In mammalian cells, the p53 and RB pathways further augment the cell cycle arrest response to prevent catastrophic cell death. Given the fact that most tumor cells suffer defects in the p53 and RB pathways, it is likely that tumor cells would depend more on the Chk1 kinase to maintain cell cycle arrest than would normal cells. Therefore Chk1 inhibition could be used to specifically sensitize tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. We have previously shown that siRNA-mediated Chk1 knockdown abrogates DNA damage-induced checkpoints and potentiates the cytotoxicity of several DNA-damaging agents in p53-deficient cell lines. In this study, we have developed 2 potent and selective Chk1 inhibitors, A-690002 and A-641397, and shown that these compounds abrogate cell cycle checkpoints and potentiate the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase inhibitors and gamma-radiation in p53-deficient but not in p53-proficient cells of different tissue origins. These results indicate that it is feasible to achieve a therapeutic window with 1 or more Chk1 inhibitors in potentiation of cancer therapy based on the status of the p53 pathway in a wide spectrum of tumor types.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/deficiencia , Urea/análogos & derivados , Anticuerpos/farmacología , Western Blotting , Proteína Quinasa CDC2/inmunología , Proteína Quinasa CDC2/metabolismo , Camptotecina/farmacología , Caspasas/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Quinasa 1 Reguladora del Ciclo Celular (Checkpoint 1) , Daño del ADN , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Células HeLa , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Quinasas/inmunología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Factores de Tiempo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Urea/química , Urea/farmacología , Fosfatasas cdc25/genética , Fosfatasas cdc25/metabolismo
10.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 15(11): 2716-9, 2005 Jun 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15911248

RESUMEN

A series of 5-methoxy- and 5-hydroxy-6-fluoro-1,8-naphthyridone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were prepared and evaluated for cell-free bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and whole cell antibacterial activity. When compared to the analogous 5-hydrogen compounds, the presence of the 5-OH group negatively affects biochemical potency. However, a tolerance of the 5-methoxy group is indicated. Only moderate whole cell antibacterial activity is seen, but this could be due to poor cellular penetration. Because only a few 7-position variants were made for this study, further investigation into this novel series combining a broader range of 7-amino derivatives with these 5-position modifications is warranted.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntesis química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacología
12.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 13(19): 3133-6, 2003 Oct 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12951079

RESUMEN

The parallel synthesis and antibacterial activity of 5-hydroxy[1,2,5] oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines is reported. The compounds were synthesized by condensing diaminofurazan with alpha-keto acids to give a variety of aryl-substituted analogues. Halogenated phenyl groups at C-6 give rise to the greatest Haemophilus influenzae antibacterial activity.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Haemophilus influenzae/efectos de los fármacos , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Pirazinas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Haemophilus influenzae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Pirazinas/síntesis química , Relación Estructura-Actividad
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