Recapitulating familial hypercholesterolemia in a mouse model by knock-in patient-specific LDLR mutation.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most prevalent monogenetic disorders leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Mutations in Ldlr, encoding a membrane-spanning protein, account for the majority of FH cases. No effective and safe clinical treatments are available for FH. Adenine base editor (ABE)-mediated molecular therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat genetic diseases caused by point mutations, with evidence of successful treatment in mouse disease models. However, due to the differences in the genomes between mice and humans, ABE with specific sgRNA, a key gene correction component, cannot be directly used to treat FH patients. Thus, we generated a knock-in mouse model harboring the partial patient-specific fragment and including the Ldlr W490X mutation. LdlrW490X/W490X mice recapitulated cholesterol metabolic disorder and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis associated with FH patients, including high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid deposition in aortic vessels. Additionally, we showed that the mutant Ldlr gene could be repaired using ABE with the cellular model. Taken together, these results pave the way for ABE-mediated molecular therapy for FH.

The value of contrast-enhanced portal vein imaging at the hepatobiliary phase obtained with gadobenate dimeglumine for predicting decompensation and transplant-free survival in chronic liver disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced portal vein imaging at the hepatobiliary phase obtained with gadobenate dimeglumine for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Three hundred and fourteen CLD patients who underwent gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatic magnetic resonance imaging were stratified into three groups: nonadvanced CLD (n = 116), compensated advanced CLD (n = 120), and decompensated advanced CLD (n = 78) groups. The liver-to-portal vein contrast ratio (LPC) and liver-spleen contrast ratio (LSC) at the hepatobiliary phase were measured. The value of LPC for predicting hepatic decompensation and transplant-free survival was assessed using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of LPC was significantly better than LSC in evaluating the severity of CLD. During a median follow-up period of 53.0 months, the LPC was a significant predictor for hepatic decompensation (p < 0.001) in patients with compensated advanced CLD. The predictive performance of LPC was higher than that of the model for end-stage liver disease score (p = 0.006). With the optimal cut-off value, patients with LPC ≤ 0.98 had a higher cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation than patients with LPC > 0.98 (p < 0.001). The LPC was also a significant predictive factor for transplant-free survival in patients with compensated advanced CLD (p = 0.007) and those with decompensated advanced CLD (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced portal vein imaging at the hepatobiliary phase obtained with gadobenate dimeglumine is a valuable imaging biomarker for predicting hepatic decompensation and transplant-free survival in CLD patients. KEY POINTS: • The liver-to-portal vein contrast ratio (LPC) significantly outperformed liver-spleen contrast ratio in evaluating the severity of chronic liver disease. • The LPC was a significant predictor for hepatic decompensation in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease. • The LPC was a significant predictor for transplant-free survival in patients with compensated and those with decompensated advanced chronic liver disease.

Relationships among patient activation, social support and online health information seeking of community-dwelling older adults living with coronary heart disease.

AIMS: To explore the relationship between patient activation (subjective initiative of patients to participate in disease management in self-health care), social support, self-efficacy and online health information seeking among older patients with coronary heart disease. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and survey-based design. METHODS: A total of 451 older patients with coronary heart disease were recruited from July to November 2021 from four communities in Qingdao, China. We collected data using the Patient Activation Measure, Social Support Rating Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale and Online Health Information Seeking Scale. We performed structural equation modelling to analyse the data. RESULTS: The final model showed good model fit. Patient activation influenced online health information seeking directly (ß  = .39, p < .05) and indirectly through self-efficacy (ß  = .17, p < .05). Social support influenced online health information seeking directly (ß  = .23, p < .05) and indirectly through self-efficacy (ß  = .03, p < .05). Self-efficacy directly influenced online health information seeking (ß  = .26, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: We identified the interrelationships of patient activation, social support and self-efficacy and their influence on the online health information seeking of older patients with coronary heart disease. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for developing and evaluating interventions to enhance online health information seeking for older patients with coronary heart disease. IMPACT: These findings add a better understanding of the relationship between patient activation, social support, self-efficacy and online health information seeking in older patients with coronary heart disease, and help community health workers to intervene in the early stage of disease diagnosis.

Dynamics study on the effect of memristive autapse distribution on Hopfield neural network.

As the shortest feedback loop of the nervous system, autapse plays an important role in the mode conversion of neurodynamics. In particular, memristive autapses can not only facilitate the adjustment of the dynamical behavior but also enhance the complexity of the nervous system, in view of the fact that the dynamics of the Hopfield neural network has not been investigated and studied in detail from the perspective of memristive autapse. Based on the traditional Hopfield neural network, this paper uses a locally active memristor to replace the ordinary resistive autapse so as to construct a 2 n-dimensional memristive autaptic Hopfield neural network model. The boundedness of the model is proved by introducing the Lyapunov function and the stability of the equilibrium point is analyzed by deriving the Jacobian matrix. In addition, four scenarios are established on a small Hopfield neural network with three neurons, and the influence of the distribution of memristive autapses on the dynamics of this small Hopfield neural network is described by numerical simulation tools. Finally, the Hopfield neural network model in these four situations is designed and implemented on field-programmable gate array by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, which effectively verifies the numerical simulation results.

Relationships among social support, self-efficacy, and patient activation in community-dwelling older adults living with coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore whether social support indirectly influences patient activation through self-efficacy in older adults living with coronary heart disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Older patients (n=451) from four communities in the city of Qingdao completed a questionnaire survey. We conducted multiple linear regression models and bootstrap testing to assess the relationships among social support, self-efficacy, and patient activation. RESULTS: Patient activation was positively correlated with social support (r = 0.524, P < 0.01) and with self-efficacy (r = 0.740, P < 0.01). The of social support had indirect positive effect on patient activation through self-efficacy and the effect was 58.8%. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the critical role of social support and self-efficacy for the activation of community-dwelling older patients living with coronary heart disease. Our findings provide essential knowledge for developing and evaluating effective interventions to promote patient activation and enhance self-management of coronary heart disease.

[Label-free quantitative peptidomics-based analysis on glycopeptides in deerhorn gelatin and deer-hide gelatin].

Nano-LC-MS/MS was used to analyze trypsin digested deer-horn gelatin( DCG) and deer-hide gelatin( DHG) samples.The glycopeptides in DCG and DHG were quantified by Label-free quantitative( LFQ) peptidomics,on the basis of which the glycopeptides with significant difference in DCG and DHG were determined. As a result,5 736 peptides were identified from DCG samples,including 213 galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Gal-Hyl-peptides) and 102 glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides),while 6 836 peptides were identified from DHG samples,among which there were 250 Gal-Hyl-peptides and 98 Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides. With over 3-fold peak area difference and highly significant intergroup difference( P < 0. 01) as the screening criteria,444 differential peptides were determined in DCG and DHG,including 16 Gal-Hyl-peptides and 5 Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides. Then XIC peak shapes,standard deviation of peak area,and fold change were applied for further screening and 5 glycopeptides with significant differences in DCG and DHG were confirmed,which could serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing DCG and DHG. The present study provided ideas and strategies for the in-depth investigation on the discrimination of DCG and DHG and is of good theoretical significance and application value for the further research on chemical constituents and quality control of gelatin derived Chinese medicinals.

[Analysis of hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on lysine sites in deer-hide gelatin].

Nano-LC MS/MS was used to analyze trypsin digested deer-hide gelatin(DHG) samples, hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on lysine sites of DHG were comprehensive identified by using PEAKS Studio software. The sites, sorts and amounts of hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on Type Ⅰ collagen α1 chain(COL1 A1) and α2 chain(COL1 A2) of DHG were revealed. As a result, 5 284 peptides were identified from DHG samples, which were mainly from COL1 A1 and COL1 A2. Among these peptides, there were 449 peptides with hydroxylysine, 442 with galactosyl-hydroxylysine, 449 with glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine. The major modified sites of hydroxylation and O-glycosylation in DHG were shown as follow: α1-9 N and α2-5 N in N-telopeptides, α1-87, α1-174, α1-930, α2-87, α2-174, α2-933 in triple helix domain, and α1-16 C in C-telopeptides. These hydroxylation and O-glycosylation were correlated with the formation and stability of collagen molecules and collagen fibrils. It is feasible for the collagens and peptides dissolving from deer skin collagen fibrils under high temperature and pressure decocting, high temperature and pressure also might destroy inter-molecular covalent cross-linking and help those glycol-peptides formations. The present study provided ideas and strategies for the in-depth investigation on DHG chemical constituents, and showed good theoretical significance and application value.

Securing Cryptographic Chips against Scan-Based Attacks in Wireless Sensor Network Applications.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have deeply influenced the working and living styles of human beings. Information security and privacy for WSN is particularly crucial. Cryptographic algorithms are extensively exploited in WSN applications to ensure the security. They are usually implemented in specific chips to achieve high data throughout with less computational resources. Cryptographic hardware should be rigidly tested to guarantee the correctness of encryption operation. Scan design improves significantly the test quality of chips and thus is widely used in semiconductor industry. Nevertheless, scan design provides a backdoor for attackers to deduce the cipher key of a cryptographic core. To protect the security of the cryptographic system we first present a secure scan architecture, in which an automatic test control circuitry is inserted to isolate the cipher key in test mode and clear the sensitive information at mode switching. Then, the weaknesses of this architecture are analyzed and an enhanced scheme using concept of test authorization is proposed. If the correct authorization key is applied within the specific time, the normal test can be performed. Otherwise, only secure scan test can be performed. The enhanced scan scheme ensures the security of cryptographic chips while remaining the advantages of scan design.

Memristor-induced hyperchaos, multiscroll and extreme multistability in fractional-order HNN: Image encryption and FPGA implementation.

Fractional-order differentiation (FOD) can record information from the past, present, and future. Compared with integer-order systems, FOD systems have higher complexity and more accurate ability to describe the real world. In this paper, two types of fractional-order memristors are proposed and one type is proved to have extreme multistability, local activity, and non-volatility. By using memristors to simulate the autapse of a neuron and to describe the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction caused by electromagnetic radiation, we establish a new 5D FOD memristive HNN (FOMHNN). Through dynamic simulation, rich dynamic behaviors are found, such as hyperchaos, multiscroll, extreme multistability, and "overclocking" behavior caused by order reduction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such rich dynamic behaviors are found in FOMHNN simultaneously. Based on this FOMHNN, a very efficient and secure image encryption scheme is designed. Security analysis shows that the encrypted Lena image has extremely low adjacent pixel correlation and high randomness, with information entropy of 7.9995. Despite discarding diffusion and scrambling, it has excellent plaintext sensitivity, with NCPR = 99.6095% and UACI = 33.4671%. Finally, this paper implements the proposed FOMHNN and image encryption on field programmable gate array (FPGA). To our knowledge, the related work of fully hardware implementation of fractional-order neural networks and image encryption schemes based on this is rare.

Metabolomics Reveals Antioxidant Metabolites in Colored Rice Grains.

Colored rice is richer in nutrients and contains more nutrients and bioactive substances than ordinary white rice. Moderate consumption of black (purple) rice has a variety of physiological effects, such as antioxidant effects, blood lipid regulation, and blood sugar control. Therefore, we utilized nontargeted metabolomics, quantitative assays for flavonoid and phenolic compounds, and physiological and biochemical data to explore the correlations between metabolites and the development of antioxidant characteristics in pigmented rice seeds. The findings indicated that, among Yangjinnuo 818 (YJN818), Hongnuo (HN), Yangchannuo 1 hao (YCN1H), and Yangzi 6 hao (YZ6H), YZ6H exhibited the highest PAL activity, which was 2.13, 3.08, and 3.25 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. YZ6H likewise exhibited the highest flavonoid content, which was 3.8, 7.06, and 35.54 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. YZ6H also had the highest total antioxidant capacity, which was 2.42, 3.76, and 3.77 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. Thus, purple rice grains have stronger antioxidant properties than other colored rice grains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that trans-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavanone, phorizin, and trilobatin in the YZ6H, HN, and YCN1H comparison groups all had area under the curve (AUC) values of 1. Phlorizin, trans-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavanone, and trilobatin were recognized as indices of antioxidant capability in colored rice in this research. This research adds to the understanding of antioxidant compounds in pigmented rice, which can increase the nutritional value of rice and promote the overall well-being of individuals. This type of information is of immense importance in maintaining a balanced and healthy diet.

Effects of Ward Noise Reduction Administration on Mental Health and Lung Function of Patients with Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effects of ward noise reduction administration on the lung function and mental health of patients with lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 195 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in PLA Northern Theater Command Air Force Hospital from November 2020 to November 2022 were selected to be divided into a control group (routine nursing) and an observation group (routine nursing and ward noise reduction administration) in accordance with the medical record system. The general demographic data, noise level, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC)), and complications of patients in the two groups were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups, and t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After PSM was conducted, 50 patients were enrolled in each group. No statistical difference was found in the baseline data, preadministration noise levels, and FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, state-anxiety inventory (S-AI), and trait anxiety inventory scale (T-AI) scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After ward noise reduction was administered, the noise level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group but were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The S-AI and T-AI scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No differences were found in the complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Administering ward noise reduction in patients with lung cancer can alleviate their negative emotions, thus worthy of clinical adoption.

Health literacy in patients with gout: A latent profile analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the health literacy status of patients with gout diagnosis is essential for improving the health of this population. Our study aimed to investigate the latent profiles of health literacy in patients with gout and to analyze differences in characteristics across potential profiles. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible participants attended the Shandong Gout Medical Center, from March 2023 to May 2023 and self-reported gout diagnosis. We used the Health Literacy Scale for Patients with Gout designed and validated by our team. The scale had good reliability and validity among patients with gout. 243 patients completed the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Health Literacy Scale for Patients with Gout. We used latent profile analysis to identify the latent profiles of gout patients' health literacy. We used Chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction to analyze differences in demographics and illness characteristics across identified profiles. RESULTS: Three profiles of patients with gout emerged (prevalence): the low literacy-low critical group (21.81%), the moderate literacy group (42.79%), and the high literacy-stable group (35.39%). The three groups differed in age, education level, monthly income, disease duration, and place of residence (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The health literacy of patients with gout was heterogeneous. Healthcare professionals should adopt targeted interventions based on the characteristics of each latent health literacy profile to improve the health literacy level of patients with gout.

Biomarkers of the main nutritional components in purple rice during five successive grain filling stages.

Differences in main nutritional components in relation to biomarkers of metabolites in purple rice grains at different fillings stages have not been determined previously. This study measured the contents of amino acids, several nutritional indicators, and mineral elements in purple rice grains at five stages following the filling stage. The results revealed that the amino acid, ascorbic acid, total sugar, carotenoid, vitamin B9, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside and seven minerals were highest in the final stage of grain filling. Citric acid, L-isoleucine, trigonelline, and L-glutamate are key metabolites in the metabolic pathway and exhibit strong correlations with various nutritional indicators. Hence, this research preliminarily suggested that trigonelline, L-isoleucine, L-glutamate, and citric acid could be potential biomarkers of nutritional components in purple rice grains during various postfilling stages.

The value of periportal hyperintensity sign from gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of periportal hyperintensity sign from gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: A total of 199 cirrhotic patients who underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were divided into control group (n = 56) and decompensated cirrhosis group (n = 143). The presence of periportal hyperintensity sign on HBP MRI was recorded. The Cox regression model was used to investigate the association between periportal hyperintensity sign and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the frequency of periportal hyperintensity sign on HBP between compensated and decompensated cirrhotic patients (p < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 29.0 months (range, 1.0-90.0 months), nine out of 143 patients (6.2%) with decompensated cirrhosis died. Periportal hyperintensity sign on HBP MRI was a significant risk factor for death (hazard ratio (HR) = 23.677; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.759-117.788; p = 0.0001), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.844 (95% CI = 0.774-0.899). Thirty patients (20.9%) developed further decompensation. Periportal hyperintensity sign on HBP MRI was also a significant risk factor for further decompensation (HR = 2.594; 95% CI = 1.140-5.903; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Periportal hyperintensity sign from Gd-BOPTA-enhanced HBP MRI is valuable for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Periportal hyperintensity sign from gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance imaging is a new noninvasive method to predict clinical outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. KEY POINTS: • There was a significant difference in the frequency of periportal hyperintensity sign on HBP between compensated and decompensated cirrhotic patients. • Periportal hyperintensity sign on the hepatobiliary phase was a significant risk factor for death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. • Periportal hyperintensity sign on the hepatobiliary phase was a significant risk factor for further decompensation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Iron (oxyhydr)oxides are responsible for the stabilization of Cu and Zn in AMD after treatment with limestone.

The formation and transformation of secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxides and their role in the stabilization of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in acid mine drainage (AMD) after limestone treatment are worth studying to better understand the impacts of limestone AMD treatment. In this study, the wastewater from a copper mine ditch was sampled. Two different doses of limestone (S: 5.33 g L-1 and SS: 8.00 g L-1) were applied to adjust the pH range of the sampled AMD. The concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn in the supernatant and the levels of iron (oxyhydr)oxides and heavy metals in AMD sediments were dynamically monitored for 300 days to analyze the transformation of the secondary iron mineral phase and the role iron (oxyhydr)oxides play in the removal and stabilization of Cu and Zn. The results showed that the pH rose rapidly to 6.82, decreased to 5.82 on the 150th day, and finally decreased to approximately 4.63 by the 300th day, when the dosage of limestone (S) was 5.33 g L-1. Goethite was the main form of iron oxides in the sediments. As the incubation time increased, so did the content of crystalline Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. In addition, the Cu and Zn content in the fraction of crystalline Fe (oxyhydr)oxides increased as the corresponding iron (oxyhydr)oxide increased. When the high dosage of limestone (8.00 g L-1 or SS) was applied, the pH remained at approximately at 7.46 during the whole period and goethite and lepidocrocite were present in the sediment. Amorphous/ poorly crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxide was the main product after SS limestone dosage, indicating that the risk of Cu and Zn reactivation in the sediment was higher with a higher limestone treatment dosage.

COL10A1 is a potential immunotherapy biomarker associated with immune infiltration and deficient mismatch repair in colon cancer.

Aim: Our study aimed to identify the role of COL10A1 in colon cancer, including interaction with immune infiltrates and somatic mutations. Methods: COL10A1 expression and prognostic value were assessed. Correlations between COL10A1 and various immune parameters were conducted by bioinformatic analysis. Results: Our study demonstrated that COL10A1 is overexpressed in colon cancer and correlates with poor patient survival. The expression level of COL10A1 is significantly associated with mismatch repair deficiency and immune infiltration. High expression of COL10A1 may confer greater sensitivity to anti-PD-1 treatment in colon cancer patients. Conclusion: COL10A1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker associated with deficient mismatch repair and immune infiltration in colon cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease and we do not have a cure. Immunotherapy is a new method that can help CRC patients to live longer, but it only works for some people. To find out who will get good results with immunotherapy, we looked at a protein named COL10A1. We found more COL10A1 in colon cancer tissues than in healthy tissues. CRC patients with a lot of COL10A1 are more likely to die than those patients with low levels of this protein. COL10A1 can interact with some immune cells and by looking at how much COL10A1 is in different CRC patients, we may be able to choose the right patients to treat with immunotherapy.

NMPC-based controller for vehicle longitudinal and lateral stability enhancement under extreme driving conditions.

This paper proposes a real-time NMPC-based controller for four-wheel independent motor-drive electric vehicles to improve vehicle longitudinal and lateral stability under extreme driving conditions. First, considering the interactive and highly coupled longitudinal-lateral vehicle dynamics, a combined-slip tire model is applied to develop the stability controller on low friction coefficient surfaces. Second, the wheel slip ratios and slip angles are selected as the virtual control inputs of the NMPC controller to concurrently achieve three main control objectives: Slip control, lateral stability control, and handling performance improvement. Simultaneously, multiple safety constraints are contained. Then, based on the dynamic relationships between the longitudinal tire force and virtual control inputs, the wheel slip ratios and slip angles obtained from the NMPC controller are converted into additional torques acting directly on each wheel. Finally, the control performance is investigated by co-simulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim, and a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. The effect of uncertainties on control performance is also verified. The results show that the proposed controller can rapidly solve the optimization problem, and vehicle overall stability are efficiently enhanced under extreme conditions. The robustness of the controller is proved with uncertainties on the road adhesion coefficient and vehicle mass.

[CH4 Fluxes and Their Comprehensive Greenhouse Effects with CO2 Fluxes in Direct-seeded Rice in Poyang Lake Plain].

Paddy fields are complex ecosystems that both emit CH4 and absorb CO2, which plays an important role in the global water-carbon cycle and carbon budget. In this study, the CH4 fluxes and CO2 fluxes of double-cropping direct-seeded rice fields in 2020 in the Poyang Lake Plain were obtained using the eddy covariance method, and the variation characteristics, accumulation in the whole growth period, and comprehensive greenhouse effects of two greenhouse gases were quantitatively revealed. The results showed that, the double-cropping direct-seeded rice field in Poyang Lake Plain was the source of CH4 emission, and the emission during the whole growth period was 52.6 g·m-2, with an average daily emission of 0.208 g·(m2·d)-1. CH4 emission and daily average emission in the early rice season were 20.7 g·m-2 and 0.188 g·(m2·d)-1, respectively, which were lower than the emissions of 31.9 g·m-2 and 0.255 g·(m2·d)-1 in the late rice season. CH4 flux had significant seasonal variation characteristics. The strong emission period (emission peak) of CH4 was concentrated in the middle growth stage of early rice and the early growth stage of late rice. A total of 85.5% of CH4 in the early rice season and 92.1% of CH4 in the late rice season were released during the strong emission periods, and seasonal peak values were 0.638 g·(m2·d)-1 and 1.282 g·(m2·d)-1, respectively. The diurnal variation characteristics of CH4 flux showed three types:obvious unimodal type, non-obvious unimodal type, and irregular type. The strong emission period was mainly the unimodal type, and the peak values of 0.453 µmol·(m2·s)-1 in the early rice season and 0.977 µmol·(m2·s)-1 in the late rice season appeared at 14:00-15:00 and maintained a high emission rate at 12:30-16:00. The CO2 accumulation in the whole growth period of early rice and late rice was -990.4 g·m-2 and -1156.6 g·m-2, respectively, and the total was -2147.0 g·m-2. The comprehensive greenhouse effect of CH4 emission and CO2 exchange in the double-cropping paddy field was -673.6 g·m-2 (calculated using the CO2 equivalent), which showed a cooling effect. Excluding CH4 emissions when evaluating the greenhouse effect of the paddy field, the CO2 equivalent emission of 1473.4 g·m-2 would be underestimated, accounting for 68.6% of the net CO2 absorption. Considering CH4 emissions, CO2 exchanges, and carbon emissions caused by rice harvest, the two-season direct seeding paddy field in Poyang Lake Plain was the source of greenhouse gas emissions.

Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Evaluation of Cu and Cd in Paddy Soil around a Copper Smelter.

To accurately evaluate the distribution and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu and Cd in farmlands near a copper smelter, we determined the total concentrations (Cu-T and Cd-T), various speciation concentrations of Cu and Cd and physicochemical properties of 18 paddy soil (or colloid) samples in Guixi town, Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the concentrations of Cu-T and Cd-T in the soil around the smelter far exceeded the standard limits. Specifically, Cu ranged from 97.47 to 1294.63 mg·kg-1, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.95; Cd ranged from 0.14 to 9.06 mg·kg-1, and the CV was 1.68. Furthermore, the pollution of PTEs continued to accumulate, posing a significant risk to the environment and human health. The findings from the analysis of soil and colloid indicated that the distribution characteristics of Cu and Cd speciations did not align with the total concentrations. The highest pollution points were found to be shifted to the residual fraction of Cu, organic fraction, and crystalline iron oxide fraction of Cd in soil. The dominant fraction of Cu in colloid was the amorphous iron oxide fraction, whereas Cd was the crystalline iron oxide fraction. The assessment of Cu and Cd migration (MR) revealed that Cd posed a greater ecological risk. Further examination of the properties of iron oxides in soil and colloid revealed that they played a crucial role in the migration and transformation of soil PTEs.

Dynamic Analysis and FPGA Implementation of a New Fractional-Order Hopfield Neural Network System under Electromagnetic Radiation.

Fractional calculus research indicates that, within the field of neural networks, fractional-order systems more accurately simulate the temporal memory effects present in the human brain. Therefore, it is worthwhile to conduct an in-depth investigation into the complex dynamics of fractional-order neural networks compared to integer-order models. In this paper, we propose a magnetically controlled, memristor-based, fractional-order chaotic system under electromagnetic radiation, utilizing the Hopfield neural network (HNN) model with four neurons as the foundation. The proposed system is solved by using the Adomain decomposition method (ADM). Then, through dynamic simulations of the internal parameters of the system, rich dynamic behaviors are found, such as chaos, quasiperiodicity, direction-controllable multi-scroll, and the emergence of analogous symmetric dynamic behaviors in the system as the radiation parameters are altered, with the order remaining constant. Finally, we implement the proposed new fractional-order HNN system on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The experimental results show the feasibility of the theoretical analysis.