The adjunctive effect of photodynamic therapy for residual pockets in single-rooted teeth: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Residual pockets are challenging sites that require additional periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in residual pockets in single-rooted teeth. A blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in systemically healthy subjects presenting at least two residual pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing (BoP)) in single root teeth in supportive periodontal therapy. The selected sites were assigned to receive (1) PDT + SRP or (2) SRP. In sites treated by PDT as adjunctive to SRP, the laser system included a handheld battery-operated diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power output of 60 mW, and energy density of 129 J/cm(2), together with methylene blue as a photosensitizer (10 mg/ml). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-therapies. Clinical parameters improved significantly after both therapies (p < 0.05), whereas higher probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain were observed in the PDT + SRP group at 3 months (p < 0.05). In addition, sites treated by the combined approach yielded a significant reduction in the number of sites with PPD <5 mm without BoP after 3 months compared to sites treated by conventional SRP alone (p < 0.05). PDT as an adjunctive to mechanical debridement demonstrated additional clinical benefits for residual pockets in single-rooted teeth and may be an alternative therapeutic strategy in supportive periodontal maintenance.

Mortality and Associated Factors in Patients with COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study.

The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is highly virulent and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting in high morbidity and mortality mainly associated with pulmonary complications. Because this virus is highly transmissible, it was quickly spread globally, resulting in COVID-19 being declared as a pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of mortality and the factors related to mortality due to COVID-19 in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at a university hospital in the Central­West region of Brazil. This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on an analysis of the medical records of patients with SARS aged >18 years and admitted to an intensive care unit due to COVID-19 with the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation. Hospital death was considered as an outcome variable in this study. Moreover, demographic and lifestyle-related variables as well as the therapeutic measures used during the hospital stay were recorded and correlated with the death outcome. After excluding 188 medical records, 397 were analyzed. Most of the participants were men (59.7%), and the mortality rate in patients with SARS due to COVID-19 was 46.1%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the independent factors associated with mortality in patients with SARS due to COVID-19 were the age of >60 years (p < 0.001) and the use of azithromycin (p = 0.012). Protective factors for mortality were considered as not having the following diseases: hyperthyroidism, asthma, hepatic inheritance, and not being a smoker. The mortality rate in patients with SARS due to COVID-19 was associated with older age and the use of azithromycin.

O campo de estudos sobre saúde da população negra no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática das últimas três décadas / The field of studies on the black population health in Brazil: a systematic review of the last three decades

Resumo A saúde da população negra (SPN) pode ser compreendida simultaneamente como campo de estudos, de intervenção social e de domínio cultural. Essa complexa esfera de conhecimento e prática surgiu imbricada com demandas de movimentos sociais e de profissionais, sobretudo de mulheres negras, com a finalidade de enfrentar problemas concretos de saúde pública. Como campo de estudos, ainda é incipiente a produção científica no Brasil. Dado esse contexto, conduzimos esta investigação com o objetivo de demonstrar como tem se estruturado a produção sobre SPN no país nas últimas três décadas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, que visa a síntese e a análise do conhecimento científico já produzido sobre esse tema. Selecionamos 400 trabalhos publicados entre 1998 e 2020 e analisamos a evolução do volume de produção, seus lócus (estados, instituições, áreas científicas e abrangência territorial), temáticas e metodologias, bem como alguns desses intercruzamentos. Como resultado, encontramos um aumento notório do volume de pesquisas mais recentemente, em um campo interdisciplinar e com maior diversidade temática em relação aos estudos pioneiros. Essa evolução pode apontar um processo de consolidação do campo de estudos sobre saúde e raça no Brasil, ainda que os sinais apresentados sejam ambíguos.

Abstract Black population health (BPH) can be understood, at the same time, as a field of study, of social intervention, and of cultural domain. This complex sphere of knowledge and practice emerged from the demands of social movements, especially those of black women, to face concrete public health problems. As a field of study, scientific production in Brazil is still incipient. Given this context, we conducted this investigation to demonstrate how the production on BPH has been structured in Brazil in the last three decades. This is an integrative systematic review that aims to synthesize and analyze the scientific knowledge already produced on this topic. We selected 400 works among articles, theses, and dissertations published between 1998 and 2020 and analyzed the evolution of the production volume, its locus (states, institutions, scientific areas, and territorial scope of the studies), themes and methodologies, as well as some of these intercrossing. As a result, we found a notable increase in the research volume in recent years, in an interdisciplinary field with wide thematic diversity in relation to pioneer studies. This evolution may point to a process of consolidation of the field of studies on health and race in Brazil, even if the signs presented are ambiguous.

Effectiveness of the Electromagnetic Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Cellulite.

In the past centuries, the human body was undervalued; nowadays, however, it is overvalued, and thus the manifestation of the dissatisfactions regarding the body has been increasing. Most of the time, these dissatisfactions are related to cellulite, which is most common in women. Its treatment is one of the challenges which encourage the development of new therapeutic modalities, among them the shockwave therapy. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of ESWT in the treatment of cellulite in gluteus and posterior of thigh. Method. This is a prospective and comparative study, in which volunteer women who attended the criteria of inclusion were selected and who were subjected to 10 sessions of ESWT. The following were performed as an evaluation method: anthropometry, perimetry, skin viscoelasticity with the Cutometer®, thickness of hypodermis with diagnostic ultrasound, analysis of the scale of severity of cellulite (CSS), and quality of life by the Celluqol® questionnaire. The evaluations occurred before the first session (baseline), after 6 and 10 sessions, and during a follow-up of 3 months after the last session. The statistical test applied was the ANOVA one-way with post hoc of Tukey (P-value < 0.05). Results. There was significant improvement (P<0.05) for CSS, for the variable referring to gross elasticity and skin deformation ability evaluated in the Cutometer® and improvement of quality of life represented by Celluqol®. The result was maintained particularly in the follow-up of 3 months after the end of the treatment. Conclusion. The results presented demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of ESWT in the treatment of cellulite and in the decrease of the degrees, improvement of the aspect of the skin, and reestablishment of quality of life. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials: NCT03275259.

Prevalence of functional incapacity by gender in elderly people in Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis / Prevalência de incapacidade funcional por gênero em idosos brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract Considering that functional capacity is an important indicator of health in aging, the present study aimed to describe the prevalence of disability by gender among elderly people in Brazil through a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles about this subject. Articles published up to June 2013 were included, and a search was performed of the MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct electronic databases. The inclusion of articles in the systematic review was guided by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A descriptive analysis of the selected articles was performed and expressed in a forest-plot type graph. Of 3,656 articles initially identified in all the databases, 2,585 duplicates were excluded and 23 articles were deemed eligible for review. Prevalence rates ranged from 12.3% to 94.1% for men and from 14.9% to 84.6% for women. The methods used to assess functional capacity in elderly people in Brazil also differed between the articles. This variation complicates the comparison of results between the articles, demonstrating the need for standardized methods of measuring functional capacity.

Resumo Considerando-se a importância da capacidade funcional como indicador de saúde para idosos e as informações dispersas sobre o tema em pesquisas brasileiras, este artigo teve como objetivo descrever a prevalência de incapacidade funcional por gênero entre idosos brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de artigos referentes ao tema. Identificaram-se artigos publicados até junho de 2013. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science e Science Direct. A inclusão dos artigos na revisão sistemática foi guiada pelo Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) e pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A análise dos artigos selecionados foi feita de forma descritiva e expressa em gráficos do tipo Forest-plot. Dos 3.656 artigos inicialmente identificados em todas as bases, 2.585 duplicatas foram excluídas e 23 artigos foram considerados elegíveis para a revisão. As taxas de prevalência de incapacidade variaram de 12,3% a 94,1% para os homens e de 14,9% a 84,6% para as mulheres. Os métodos utilizados para avaliar a capacidade funcional em idosos brasileiros também diferiram entre os artigos. Essa variação dificulta a comparação de resultados entre os artigos, o que demonstra a necessidade de se utilizar métodos padronizados para mensurar capacidade funcional de idosos por gênero.

Tuberculose intraocular / Intraocular tuberculosis

A Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), que acomete principalmente os pulmões. Ela pode acometer qualquer parte do olho, porém o local mais acometido é a úvea. A incidência de envolvimento de TB ocular e em outros sítios é de 1 por cento a 2 por cento. Alguns autores descrevem várias alterações intraoculares, tendo apresentações clínicas das mais variadas, uveíte anterior, posterior, intermediária e panuveíte. Nesta revisão iremos tratar especificamente de TB intraocular, discutindo sobre as diversas manifestações, diagnóstico e tratamento.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which attacks mainly the lungs. This disease can also attack any part of the eye; however, the more attacked ocular site is the uvea. The incidence of involvement of ocular and other sites TB is of 1 percent to 2 percent. Some authors describe several intraocular alterations, presenting the most varied clinical presentations, such as anterior, posterior, and intermediate uveitis, as well as panuveitis. In this revision, we will approach specifically the intraocular TB, discussing about its different manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.

Idosos morando sozinhos e os indicadores socioeconômicos de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Elderly living alone and socioeconomic indicators in Minas Gerais, Brazil

O envelhecimento populacional vem ocorrendo de forma bastante diferenciada entre os estados brasileiros e está associado às desigualdades socioeconômicas e demográficas. O objetivo desse artigo foi verificar a associação entre o percentual de idosos morando sozinhos e os indicadores socioeconômicos dos municípios de Minas Gerais. Este é um estudo transversal ecológico com utilização de dados secundários de Minas Gerais. A variável dependente foi o percentual de pessoas com 65 anos ou mais de idade morando sozinhas no ano de 2000, dividida pela mediana (14,33) em dois grupos: baixo (247 municípios) e alto (246 municípios) percentual de idosos sozinhos. As variáveis independentes foram: taxa de alfabetização, densidade demográfica, esperança de vida ao nascer, renda per capita, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), e os índices de Gini, de Theil e o Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS). A variável dependente foi associada com as variáveis independentes por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney e Regressão Logística com nível de significância estabelecido em p<0,05. Os municípios mineiros possuem diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação à percentual de idosos morando sozinhos para a taxa de alfabetização (p=0,036), esperança de vida (p<0,001), renda per capita (p<0,001), IDH (p<0,001) e IMRS (p<0,001). No modelo final da regressão, as variáveis esperança de vida (OR=0,82; p=0,004) e renda per capita (OR=0,99; p=0,013) permaneceram associadas ao desfecho. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que quanto maior a esperança de vida bem como melhor os indicadores sociais, maior percentual de idosos morando sozinhos nos municípios mineiros.

Grupo de leitura e produção de textos: uma intervenção da terapia ocupacional / Reading and text production group: an occupational therapy intervention

O Grupo de Leitura de Textos foi realizado com idosos que vivem em uma instituição de longa permanência. Os objetivos do grupo foram estimular as funções cognitivas, a criatividade e a iniciativa e promover a interação entre os idosos...

Group activity focusing on reading and text production was conducted with elderly living in a long stay institution. The group objectives were to stimulate cognitive functions, creativity and initiative, besides promoting the interaction among the elderly...

Esquizofrenia: uma experiencia academica

Os autores apresentam uma experiencia positiva de estagio teorico-pratico, supervisionado, em consultorio, atraves do acompanhamento de um caso clinico de uma paciente esquizofrenica, desde a sua avaliacao diagnostica ate o tratamento global. Ressaltam a importancia da complementacao, na pratica, da teoria aprendida no curso de graduacao em Psicologia e a necessidade de uma abordagem clinica holistica por parte dos profissionais da Saude Mental.

Esquizofrenia: uma experiência acadêmica / Schizophrenia: an academic experience

Os autores apresentam uma experiência positiva de estágio teórico-prático, supervisionado, em consultório, através do acompanhamento de um caso clínico de uma paciente esquizofrênica, desde a sua avaliaçäo diagnóstica até o tratamento global. Ressaltam a importância da complementaçäo, na prática, da teoria aprendida no curso de graduaçäo em Psicologia e a necessidade de uma abordagem clínica holística por parte dos profissionais de Saúde Mental