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PURPOSE: Comprehensive cancer-related financial toxicity (FT) measures as a multidimensional construct are lacking. The aims of this systematic review were to (1) identify full measures designed explicitly for assessing FT and evaluate their psychometric properties (content validity, structural validity, reliability, and other measurement properties) using Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and (2) provide an analysis of the domains of FT covered in these measures. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 to July 2023 that reported psychometric properties of FT measures in cancer survivors. The psychometric properties of FT measures and study risk of bias were analysed using COSMIN. Each FT measure was compared against the six domains of FT recommended by Witte and colleagues. Results were synthesized narratively. The detailed search strategies are available in Table S1. RESULTS: Six FT tools including the COST-FACIT, PROFFIT, FIT, SFDQ, HARDS, and ENRICh-Spanish were identified. The COST-FACIT measure had good measurement properties. No measure reached an excellent level for overall quality but was mostly rated as sufficient. The SFDQ, HARDS, and ENRICh-Spanish were the most comprehensive in the inclusion of the six domains of FT. CONCLUSION: This review emphasizes the need for validated multidimensional FT measures that can be applied across various cancer types, healthcare settings, and cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, a need to develop practical screening tools with high predictive ability for FT is highly important, considering the significant consequences of FT. Addressing these gaps in future research will further enhance the understanding of FT.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Neoplasias , Psicometría , Humanos , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Costo de Enfermedad , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Telemedicine services have been increasingly used to facilitate post-treatment cancer survivorship care, including improving access; monitoring health status, health behaviors, and symptom management; enhancing information exchange; and mitigating the costs of care delivery, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. To inform guidance for the use of telemedicine in the post-COVID era, the aim of this overview of systematic reviews (SRs) was to evaluate the efficacy of, and survivor engagement in, telemedicine interventions in the post-treatment survivorship phase, and to consider implementation barriers and facilitators. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. SRs that examined the use of telemedicine in the post-treatment phase of cancer survivorship, published between January 2010 and April 2021, were included. Efficacy data were synthesized narratively. Implementation barriers and facilitators were synthesized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS: Twenty-nine SRs were included. A substantive body of evidence found telemedicine to benefit the management of psychosocial and physical effects, particularly for improving fatigue and cognitive function. There was a lack of evidence on the use of telemedicine in the prevention and surveillance for recurrences and new cancers as well as management of chronic medical conditions. This overview highlights a range of diverse barriers and facilitators at the patient, health service, and system levels. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the benefits of telemedicine in addressing psychosocial and physical effects, but not in other areas of post-treatment cancer survivorship care. This large review provides practical guidance for use of telemedicine in post-treatment survivorship care.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias , Telemedicina , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Supervivencia , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
Background: To assess the supportive care needs, quality of life (QoL) and symptoms of patients with cancer after the end of first-line treatments and into survivorship in Asian countries using Australian data as benchmark. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Australia and eight high-income (HICs) and low-/middle-income (LMICs) Asian countries (China, Japan, Hong Kong SAR, South Korea, Myanmar, Thailand, India, Philippines) using validated scales (Cancer Survivors Unmet Needs scale), physical-symptom concerns (Cancer Survivors Survey of Needs subscale) and a single-item measure of global QoL perception. Results: Data were collected from 1873 patients. QoL was highest in Australia and all other countries had significantly lower QoL than Australia (all P < 0.001). One-quarter of the patients reported low QoL (scores 1-3/10). The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (66.6%), loss of strength (61.8%), pain (61.6%), sleep disturbance (60.1%), and weight changes (57.7%), with no difference in symptom experience between Australian data and all other countries, or between HICs and LMICs. Unmet needs of moderate/strong level were particularly high in all aspects assessed, particularly in the area of existential survivorship (psychosocial care) and receiving comprehensive cancer care. Australia and HICs were similar in terms of unmet needs (all low), but LMICs had a significantly higher number of needs both compared with Australia and HICs (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Health care systems in Asian countries need to re-think and prioritize survivorship cancer care and put action plans in place to overcome some of the challenges surrounding the delivery of optimal supportive cancer care, use available resource-stratified guidelines for supportive care and test efficient and cost-effective models of survivorship care.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Evaluación de Necesidades , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Asia , Australia , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Financial toxicity, defined as both the objective financial burden and subjective financial distress from a cancer diagnosis and its treatment, is a topic of interest in the assessment of the quality of life of patients with cancer and their families. Current evidence implicates financial toxicity in psychosocial, economic and other harms, leading to suboptimal cancer outcomes along the entire trajectory of diagnosis, treatment, supportive care, survivorship and palliation. This paper presents the results of a virtual consensus, based on the evidence base to date, on the screening and management of financial toxicity in patients with and beyond cancer organized by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) in 2022. METHODS: A Delphi panel of 19 experts from 11 countries was convened taking into account multidisciplinarity, diversity in health system contexts and research relevance. The international panel of experts was divided into four working groups (WGs) to address questions relating to distinct thematic areas: patients with cancer at risk of financial toxicity; management of financial toxicity during the initial phase of treatment at the hospital/ambulatory settings; financial toxicity during the continuing phase and at end of life; and financial risk protection for survivors of cancer, and in cancer recurrence. After comprehensively reviewing the literature, statements were developed by the WGs and then presented to the entire panel for further discussion and amendment, and voting. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 25 evidence-informed consensus statements were developed, which answer 13 questions on financial toxicity. They cover evidence summaries, practice recommendations/guiding statements and policy recommendations relevant across health systems. These consensus statements aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of financial toxicity and guide clinicians globally in mitigating its impact, emphasizing the importance of further research, best practices and guidelines.
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Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/economía , Consenso , Calidad de Vida , Costo de Enfermedad , Oncología Médica/economía , Oncología Médica/normas , Sociedades Médicas , Técnica DelphiRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cancer patients, carers and oncology health professionals have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways, but their experiences and psychosocial responses to the pandemic are still being explored. This study aimed to document the experience of Australians living with cancer, family carers, and Oncology health professionals (HPs) when COVID-19 first emerged. METHODS: In this qualitative study, participants (cancer patients currently receiving treatment, family carers and HPs) completed a semi-structured interview exploring their experiences of COVID-19 and the impact it had on cancer care. Participants also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (patients) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (carers and HPs) to assess emotional morbidity. Thematic analysis was undertaken on qualitative data. RESULTS: 32 patients, 16 carers and 29 HPs participated. Qualitative analysis yielded three shared themes: fear and death anxiety, isolation, and uncertainty. For HPs, uncertainty incorporated the potential for moral distress and work-stress. Patients and carers scoring high on anxiety/depression measures were more likely to have advanced disease, expressed greater death anxiety, talked about taking more extreme precautionary measures, and felt more impacted by isolation. CONCLUSION: Cancer and COVID-19 can have compounding psychological impacts on all those receiving or giving care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Screening for distress in patients, and burnout in HPs, is recommended. Increased compassionate access and provision of creative alternatives to face-to-face support are warrented.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias , Ansiedad/psicología , Australia/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Cuidadores/psicología , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , PandemiasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop priority recommendations for the service level implementation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into clinical cancer care. METHODS: Development of draft guidance statements was informed by a literature review, the Knowledge to Action (KTA) implementation framework, and discussion with PRO experts and cancer survivors. A two-round modified Delphi survey with key stakeholders including cancer survivors, clinical and research experts, and Information Technology specialists was undertaken. Round 1 rated the importance of the statements and round 2 ranked statements in order of priority. RESULTS: Round 1 was completed by 70 participants with round 2 completed by 45 participants. Forty-seven statements were rated in round 2. In round 1, the highest agreement items (>90% agreement) included those that focused on the formation of strong stakeholder partnerships, ensuring ongoing communication within these partnerships, and the use of PROs for improvement and guidance in clinical care. Items ranked as the highest priorities in round 2 included assessment of current staff capabilities and service requirements, mapping of workflows and processes to enable collection, and using collected PROs to guide improved health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This stakeholder consultation process has identified key priorities in PRO implementation into clinical cancer care that include clinical relevance, stakeholder engagement, communication, and integration within the existing processes and capabilities. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Routine adoption of PRO collection by clinical cancer services requires multiple implementation steps; of highest priority is strong engagement and communication with key stakeholders including cancer survivors.
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Neoplasias , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Atención a la Salud , Técnica Delphi , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Participación de los Interesados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Disorders of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have an overlapping skeletal phenotype (e.g. scoliosis, osteopenia). The Ras proteins regulate cell proliferation and differentiation and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) individuals have osteoclast hyperactivity and increased bone resorption as measured by urine pyridinium crosslinks [pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd)]. Pyd and Dpd are hydroxylysine-derived crosslinks of collagen found in bone and cartilage and excreted in the urine. Dpd is most abundant in bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate if other syndromes of the Ras/MAPK pathway have increased bone resorption, which may impact the skeletal phenotype. Participants were individuals with Noonan syndrome (n = 14), Costello syndrome (n = 21), and cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome (n = 14). Pyridinium crosslinks from two consecutive first morning urines were extracted after acid hydrolysis and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Three separate analyses of covariance were performed to compare Pyd, Dpd, and Dpd/Pyd ratio of each group to controls after controlling for age. Data were compared to 99 healthy controls. The Dpd and the Dpd/Pyd ratio were elevated (p < 0.0001) in all three conditions compared to controls suggesting that collagen degradation was predominantly from bone. The data suggest that the Ras/MAPK signal transduction pathway is important in bone homeostasis.
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Resorción Ósea/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Transducción de Señal , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Aminoácidos/orina , Biomarcadores/orina , Densidad Ósea , Resorción Ósea/genética , Resorción Ósea/orina , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estudios de Cohortes , Colágeno/orina , Síndrome de Costello/genética , Síndrome de Costello/patología , Síndrome de Costello/orina , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Displasia Ectodérmica/genética , Displasia Ectodérmica/patología , Displasia Ectodérmica/orina , Facies , Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/genética , Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/patología , Insuficiencia de Crecimiento/orina , Femenino , Pruebas Genéticas , Cardiopatías Congénitas/genética , Cardiopatías Congénitas/patología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/orina , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Masculino , Síndrome de Noonan/genética , Síndrome de Noonan/patología , Síndrome de Noonan/orina , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Activating mutations, such as E76K and D61Y, in PTPN11 (SHP2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling processes, are associated with 35% of patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), an aggressive childhood myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Here we show that the interaction between leukemia-associated mutant Shp2 and Gab2, a scaffolding protein important for cytokine-induced PI3K/Akt signaling, was enhanced, and that the mTOR pathway was elevated in Ptpn11E76K/+ leukemic cells. Importantly, MPN induced by the Ptpn11E76K/+ mutation was markedly attenuated in Ptpn11E76K/+/Gab2-/- double mutant mice-overproduction of myeloid cells was alleviated, splenomegaly was diminished and myeloid cell infiltration in nonhematopoietic organs was decreased in these double mutants. Excessive myeloid differentiation of stem cells was also normalized by depletion of Gab2. Acute leukemia progression of MPN was reduced in the double mutant mice and, as such, their survival was much prolonged. Furthermore, treatment of Ptpn11E76K/+ mice with Rapamycin, a specific and potent mTOR inhibitor, mitigated MPN phenotypes. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of the Gab2/PI3K/mTOR pathway in mediating the pathogenic signaling of the PTPN11 gain-of-function mutations and a therapeutic potential of Rapamycin for PTPN11 mutation-associated JMML.
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Mutación , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/etiología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Fosfoproteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/fisiología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/patología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Transducción de Señal , Sirolimus/farmacología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) scans in differentiating between necrosis and viable seminoma in postchemotherapy (PC) residual disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 29 patients with seminoma at Indiana University. All patients had PC residual disease. Computed tomography and PET scans were performed for 19 patients after primary chemotherapy (group A) and for 10 patients after salvage chemotherapy (group B). RESULTS: In group A, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in 14 patients, less than 3 cm in three patients, and not quantified in two patients. All of the patients in group A had negative PET scan results and have had stable or decreasing residual mass size (median follow-up duration, 11.5 months; range, 6 to 26 months). In group B, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in four patients, less than 3 cm in five patients, and not quantified in one patient. One patient had a positive PET scan result for a posterior mediastinal mass. Pathologic diagnosis of the PET-positive mass showed only necrotic tissue. The same patient had a negative PET scan of the retroperitoneal mass but relapsed in that area. Overall, of patients in group B, five have stable or decreasing mass (median follow-up duration, 8 months; range, 7 to 22 months), and five had relapsed disease. CONCLUSION: PET scans have no apparent benefit in PC evaluation of residual masses in bulky seminoma.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Terapia Recuperativa , Seminoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Seminoma/patología , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión , Adulto , Anciano , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Ifosfamida/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Mediastino/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/patología , Neoplasias Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vinblastina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
PTPN11 encodes the Shp2 non-receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase implicated in several signaling pathways. Activating mutations in Shp2 are commonly associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia but are not as well defined in other neoplasms. Here we report that Shp2 mutations occur in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at a rate of 6.6% (6/91) in the ECOG E1900 data set. We examined the role of mutated Shp2 in leukemias harboring MLL translocations, which co-occur in human AML. The hyperactive Shp2E76K mutant, commonly observed in leukemia patients, significantly accelerated MLL-AF9-mediated leukemogenesis in vivo. Shp2E76K increased leukemic stem cell frequency and affords MLL-AF9 leukemic cells IL3 cytokine hypersensitivity. As Shp2 is reported to regulate anti-apoptotic genes, we investigated Bcl2, Bcl-xL and Mcl1 expression in MLL-AF9 leukemic cells with and without Shp2E76K. Although the Bcl2 family of genes was upregulated in Shp2E76K cells, Mcl1 showed the highest upregulation in MLL-AF9 cells in response to Shp2E76K. Indeed, expression of Mcl1 in MLL-AF9 cells phenocopies expression of Shp2E76K, suggesting Shp2 mutations cooperate through activation of anti-apoptotic genes. Finally, we show Shp2E76K mutations reduce sensitivity of AML cells to small-molecule-mediated Mcl1 inhibition, suggesting reduced efficacy of drugs targeting MCL1 in patients with hyperactive Shp2.
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Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Interleucina-3/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación/genética , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/genética , Animales , Apoptosis , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Western Blotting , Proliferación Celular , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/genética , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
CV-1 cells were stably transfected with a preproenkephalin A (PPE) promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid containing -176 to +171 bp of the human PPE gene. Low levels of CAT were expressed constitutively. The reporter enzyme activity was induced by treatment of the cells for 6 h with drugs that increased intracellular cAMP (forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP), intracellular calcium (A23187), or protein kinase C activity (tetradecanoyl phorbol-4-acetate, TPA) in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine. Co-administration of dexamethasone reduced the magnitude of phorbol ester-stimulated CAT activity by about 50%, while there were smaller but not significant effects on forskolin- or A23187-stimulated expression of this reporter construct. In transient transfections which included the PPE-CAT reporter gene and a glucocorticoid receptor expression plasmid, dexamethasone significantly reduced stimulated expression of the reporter by TPA, forskolin, and A23187. The effect was observed with 10(-8)-10(-6) M dexamethasone and was blocked by the presence of the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486, suggesting that the effect of dexamethasone was mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. The promoter region contained in this construct lacks a classical glucocorticoid response element or known negative elements; thus, dexamethasone may reduce stimulated expression of the PPE promoter via indirect effects.
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Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Dexametasona/farmacología , Encefalinas/genética , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Calcimicina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Línea Celular , Colforsina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Depresión Química , Genes Reporteros , Humanos , Ionóforos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/fisiología , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor (FLT3-ITDs) confer a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that increased recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2, to FLT3-ITDs contributes to FLT3 ligand (FL)-independent hyperproliferation and STAT5 activation. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated constitutive association of Shp2 with the FLT3-ITD, N51-FLT3, as well as with STAT5. Knockdown of Shp2 in Baf3/N51-FLT3 cells significantly reduced proliferation while having little effect on WT-FLT3-expressing cells. Consistently, mutation of N51-FLT3 tyrosine 599 to phenylalanine or genetic disruption of Shp2 in N51-FLT3-expressing bone marrow low-density mononuclear cells reduced proliferation and STAT5 activation. In transplants, genetic disruption of Shp2 in vivo yielded increased latency to and reduced severity of FLT3-ITD-induced malignancy. Mechanistically, Shp2 co-localizes with nuclear phospho-STAT5, is present at functional interferon-γ activation sites (GAS) within the BCL2L1 promoter, and positively activates the human BCL2L1 promoter, suggesting that Shp2 works with STAT5 to promote pro-leukemogenic gene expression. Further, using a small molecule Shp2 inhibitor, the proliferation of N51-FLT3-expressing bone marrow progenitors and primary AML samples was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that Shp2 positively contributes to FLT3-ITD-induced leukemia and suggest that Shp2 inhibition may provide a novel therapeutic approach to AML.
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Proliferación Celular , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/fisiología , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/metabolismo , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Western Blotting , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Inmunoprecipitación de Cromatina , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunoprecipitación , Indoles/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación/genética , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/citología , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/antagonistas & inhibidores , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Triazoles/farmacología , Proteína bcl-X/genética , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismo , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The importance of quality-of-life (QoL) research has been recognised over the past two decades in patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer. The aims of this systematic review are to evaluate the QoL status of H&N cancer survivors one year after treatment and to identify the determinants affecting their QoL. METHODS: Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, Sciencedirect and CINAHL (2000-2011) were searched for relevant studies, and two of the present authors assessed their methodological quality. The characteristics and main findings of the studies were extracted and reported. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, and the methodological quality of the majority was moderate to high. While patients of the group in question recover their global QoL by 12 months after treatment, a number of outstanding issues persist - deterioration in physical functioning, fatigue, xerostomia and sticky saliva. Age, cancer site, stage of disease, social support, smoking, feeding tube placement and alcohol consumption are the significant determinants of QoL at 12 months, while gender has little or no influence. CONCLUSIONS: Regular assessments should be carried out to monitor physical functioning, degree of fatigue, xerostomia and sticky saliva. Further research is required to develop appropriate and effective interventions to deal with these issues, and thus to promote the patients' QoL.
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Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/fisiopatología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/psicología , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , Análisis de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Quinasa Syk/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/químicaRESUMEN
NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells are widely used for the study of neurotransmitter receptors. We utilized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify members of the seven transmembrane domain class of G-protein linked receptors using RNA isolated from NG108-15 cells. Two complementary DNAs representing receptors were obtained; based upon comparison with the sequence database, they probably represent the murine dopamine D1A receptor and a receptor closely related to the serotonin 5HT1D receptor subtype. The finding of the 5HT receptor subtype is of interest, as only the 5HT3 subtype was previously identified in NG108-15 cells by pharmacological means. Certain responses of NG108-15 cells to serotonin have been described that do not appear to be mediated by known 5HT receptor subtypes. The cDNA we cloned may therefore represent an additional 5HT1D subclass.