Loss of ICA69 potentiates long-lasting hyperalgesia after subcutaneous formalin injection into the mouse hindpaw.

Islet-cell autoantigen 69 kDa (ICA69) plays an important role in many diseases and physiological activities by forming heteromeric complexes with protein interacts with C-kinase 1 (PICK1). PICK1 is critical for inflammatory pain hypersensitivity by regulating trafficking of AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 in spinal neurons. However, the role of ICA69 in inflammatory pain has not yet been investigated. Here we reported that expression of PICK1 in spinal cord was reduced largely in ICA69 knockout mice. The pain hypersensitivity was enhanced in the second phase 7 days after formalin administration. Meanwhile, increased Ser880 phosphorylation in GluA2 and decreased surface GluA2 were concordant with the pain. Furthermore, the number of activated microglia in spinal dorsal horn increased in line with pain hypersensitivity. Together, ICA69 deficiency promoted the internalization of GluA2 and FML-induced long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. In addition, microglia activation might be an important factor in the development of the pain hypersensitivity.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Role of Epithelial Cell Marker Genes in Predicting the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly used in studies on gastrointestinal cancers. This study investigated the prognostic value of epithelial cell-associated biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) using scRNA-seq data. We downloaded and analysed scRNA-seq data from four CRC samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and we identified marker genes of malignant epithelial cells (MECs) using CRC transcriptome and clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO as training and validation cohorts, respectively. In the TCGA training cohort, weighted gene correlation network analysis, univariate Cox proportional hazard model (Cox) analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were performed on the marker genes of MEC subsets to identify a signature of nine prognostic MEC-related genes (MECRGs) and calculate a risk score based on the signature. CRC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. We found that the MECRG risk score was significantly correlated with the clinical features and overall survival of CRC patients, and that CRC patients in the high-risk group showed a significantly shorter survival time. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the MECRG risk score can serve as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the MECRG signature genes are involved in fatty acid metabolism, p53 signalling, and other pathways. To increase the clinical application value, we constructed a MECRG nomogram by combining the MECRG risk score with other independent prognostic factors. The validity of the nomogram is based on receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves. The MECRG signature and nomogram models were well validated in the GEO dataset. In conclusion, we established an epithelial cell marker gene-based risk assessment model based on scRNA-seq analysis of CRC samples for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.

[Effect of bortezomib combined with bisphosphonates on bone metabolism index in multiple myeloma].

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of bortezomib combined with bisphosphonates on serum levels of DKK-1 and RANKL in multiple myeloma patients, and to evaluate its role in the therapy of osteolytic lesion. Fourty-three patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma were divided into 2 groups. Twenty-three patients were treated with bortezomib combined with bisphosphonates (A group) and 20 patients were treated with bisphosphonates combined with traditional chemotherapy (B group). Serum levels of DKK-1 and RANKL were measured by ELISA before and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The results indicated that serum DKK-1 level significantly decreased in patients of A group (43.2 µg/L before vs 30.4 µg/L after 4 cycles of chemotherapy), and so did for serum RANKL level in A group (0.83 pmmol/L before vs 0.45 pmmol/L after 4 cycles of chemotherapy). While there was no significant differences in DKK-1 and RANKL serum level before therapy between A and B groups, but there was significant differences in DKK-1 and RANKL levels after 4 cycles of chemotherapy (P < 0.05). It is concluded that bortezomib combined with bisphosphonates obviously reduce the serum levels of DKK-1 and RANKL, thus has beneficial effect on osteolytic lesion.

Proanthocyanidin protects H9C2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of proanthocyanidin (Pro) against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9C2 cells with a focus on Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway. H9C2 cells were randomly assigned to 5 groups, including the control group (Con), the H/R-injured group (H/R), the Pro-treated group (H/R+Pro), the JAK2 siRNA-treated group (H/R+Pro+JAK2 siRNA) and the JAK2 siRNA control group (H/R+JAK2 siRNA). The cells were pretreated with Pro (40 µmol/L) for 8 h before 2 h of hypoxia and 4 h of reoxygenation. Cellular viability and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and TUNEL methods, and superoxide generation was measured. JAK2/STAT3 signaling, oxidative stress markers and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were also detected by Western blot. We found that Pro treatment significantly improved cellular viability and reduced apoptosis rate in H/R-treated H9C2 cells. In addition, Pro treatment significantly up-regulated the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3, down-regulated the superoxide generation, gp91, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 expression. However, these protective effects of Pro were all attenuated by JAK2 siRNA administration. Taken together, we demonstrated that Pro protects H9C2 cells against H/R-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress injury via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.