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1.
Cell ; 157(3): 714-25, 2014 Apr 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24766814

RESUMEN

Tissue regeneration is an orchestrated progression of cells from an immature state to a mature one, conventionally represented as distinctive cell subsets. A continuum of transitional cell states exists between these discrete stages. We combine the depth of single-cell mass cytometry and an algorithm developed to leverage this continuum by aligning single cells of a given lineage onto a unified trajectory that accurately predicts the developmental path de novo. Applied to human B cell lymphopoiesis, the algorithm (termed Wanderlust) constructed trajectories spanning from hematopoietic stem cells through to naive B cells. This trajectory revealed nascent fractions of B cell progenitors and aligned them with developmentally cued regulatory signaling including IL-7/STAT5 and cellular events such as immunoglobulin rearrangement, highlighting checkpoints across which regulatory signals are rewired paralleling changes in cellular state. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of human B lymphopoiesis, laying a foundation to apply this approach to other tissues and "corrupted" developmental processes including cancer.


Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfopoyesis , Humanos , Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/citología , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Recombinación V(D)J
2.
Prev Chronic Dis ; 20: E65, 2023 07 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37503944

RESUMEN

The COVID-19 pandemic may have disrupted people's work-life patterns and access to places to be physically active. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were analyzed to assess changes in self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity. The results showed that prevalence of inactivity among US adults decreased 0.7 percentage points (95% CI: -1.2 to -0.3), from 24.5% in 2018 to 23.8% in 2020, and the greatest decreases were observed among rural-dwelling women, rural-dwelling men, and non-Hispanic White women. These findings highlight a need to understand and address factors that lead to differential changes in leisure-time physical inactivity across subpopulations during public health emergencies.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Conducta Sedentaria , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Sistema de Vigilancia de Factor de Riesgo Conductual , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Actividades Recreativas
3.
Am J Perinatol ; 39(1): 75-83, 2022 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34598291

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate pregnant women's attitudes toward COVID-19 illness and vaccination and identify factors associated with vaccine acceptability. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women enrolled in a prospective COVID-19 cohort study in Salt Lake City, UT, Birmingham, AL, and New York, NY, from August 9 to December 10, 2020. Women were eligible if they were 18 to 50 years old and <28 weeks of gestation. Upon enrollment, women completed surveys regarding concerns about COVID-19 illness and likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccine if one were available during pregnancy. Vaccine acceptability was defined as a response of "very likely" or "somewhat likely" on a 4-point Likert scale. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 939 pregnant women eligible for the main cohort study, 915 (97%) consented to participate. Among these 915 women, 39% self-identified as White, 23% Black, 33% Hispanic, and 4% Other. Sixty-two percent received an influenza vaccine last season. Seventy-two percent worried about getting sick with COVID-19. If they were to get sick, 92% worried about harm to their pregnancy and 80% about harm to themselves. Only 41% reported they would get a vaccine. Of women who were unlikely to get vaccinated, the most frequently cited concern was vaccine safety for their pregnancy (82%). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women had lower odds of accepting a vaccine compared with non-Hispanic White women (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.6 for both). Receipt of influenza vaccine during the previous season was associated with higher odds of vaccine acceptability (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0). CONCLUSION: Although most pregnant women worried about COVID-19 illness, <50% were willing to get vaccinated during pregnancy. Racial and ethnic disparities in plans to accept COVID-19 vaccine highlight the need to prioritize strategies to address perceived barriers among groups at high risk for COVID-19. KEY POINTS: · Less than half of pregnant patients stated they would get a COVID-19 vaccine.. · Protecting their baby was the most common reason for acceptance and refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine.. · Patients of minority race/ethnicity and those without prior influenza vaccination were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine..


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/prevención & control , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Vacunas contra la Influenza , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/etnología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/etnología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven
4.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 18(1): 91, 2021 07 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34233691

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) provides numerous health benefits relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns exist that PA levels may have decreased during the pandemic thus exacerbating health disparities. This study aims to determine changes in and locations for PA and reasons for decreased PA during the pandemic. METHODS: Reported percentage of changes in and locations for PA and reasons for decreased PA were examined in 3829 US adults who completed the 2020 SummerStyles survey. RESULTS: Overall, 30% reported less PA, and 50% reported no change or no activity during the pandemic; percentages varied across subgroups. Adults who were non-Hispanic Black (Black) or Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic White, (White)) reported less PA. Fewer Black adults (vs. White) reported doing most PA in their neighborhood. Concern about exposure to the virus (39%) was the most common reason adults were less active. CONCLUSIONS: In June 2020, nearly one-third of US adults reported decreased PA; 20% reported increased PA. Decreased activity was higher among Black and Hispanic compared to White adults; these two groups have experienced disproportionate COVID-19 impacts. Continued efforts are needed to ensure everyone has access to supports that allow them to participate in PA while still following guidance to prevent COVID-19 transmission.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
5.
J Aging Phys Act ; 29(6): 1003-1009, 2021 06 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34193627

RESUMEN

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition recommends that older adults do multicomponent physical activity, which includes balance training in addition to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. The authors estimated the prevalence of U.S. older adults (age ≥65 years) who do balance activities and meet the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. The authors analyzed data on 1,012 respondents to the 2019 FallStyles survey, a nationwide web-based panel survey. Approximately four in 10 respondents (40.7%) reported doing balance activities on ≥1 day/week, 34.0% on ≥2 days/week, and 25.3% on ≥3 days/week. Prevalence differed by sex, education level, income level, census region, body mass index category, and meeting the aerobic and/or muscle-strengthening guidelines. The combined prevalence of participation in balance activities and meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines ranged from 12.0% for ≥3 days/week to 15.8% for ≥1 day/week. Opportunities exist to introduce and increase participation in balance and multicomponent activities by older adults.


Asunto(s)
Terapia por Ejercicio , Ejercicio Físico , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Humanos , Prevalencia , Estados Unidos
6.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol ; 377: 127-57, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24590675

RESUMEN

Cytometry is used extensively in clinical and laboratory settings to diagnose and track cell subsets in blood and tissue. High-throughput, single-cell approaches leveraging cytometry are developed and applied in the computational and systems biology communities by researchers, who seek to improve the diagnosis of human diseases, map the structures of cell signaling networks, and identify new cell types. Data analysis and management present a bottleneck in the flow of knowledge from bench to clinic. Multi-parameter flow and mass cytometry enable identification of signaling profiles of patient cell samples. Currently, this process is manual, requiring hours of work to summarize multi-dimensional data and translate these data for input into other analysis programs. In addition, the increase in the number and size of collaborative cytometry studies as well as the computational complexity of analytical tools require the ability to assemble sufficient and appropriately configured computing capacity on demand. There is a critical need for platforms that can be used by both clinical and basic researchers who routinely rely on cytometry. Recent advances provide a unique opportunity to facilitate collaboration and analysis and management of cytometry data. Specifically, advances in cloud computing and virtualization are enabling efficient use of large computing resources for analysis and backup. An example is Cytobank, a platform that allows researchers to annotate, analyze, and share results along with the underlying single-cell data.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Administración de Bases de Datos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Citometría de Flujo/instrumentación , Animales , Biología Computacional , Conducta Cooperativa , Citometría de Flujo/normas , Humanos
7.
Am J Prev Med ; 66(6): 1024-1034, 2024 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38128675

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Federal guidelines recommend physical activity throughout the day for preschool-aged children. Time playing outdoors can support physical activity participation, health, and development. Estimates of time playing outdoors among U.S. children aged 3-5 years have not been published. METHODS: Parent/caregiver-reported data on children aged 3-5 years from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed in 2022-23. Chi-square tests were used to identify differences in time playing outdoors by sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted with significant characteristics for weekdays and weekend days. RESULTS: Among 11,743 children aged 3-5 years, 37% played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekdays, and 24% played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekend days. In 9 states, ≥40% of children played outdoors for ≤1 hour on weekdays. Adjusted models for weekdays and weekend days showed a greater likelihood of ≤1 hour playing outdoors among those in all racial/ethnic groups compared to non-Hispanic White, those who lived in metropolitan statistical areas, those who did not participate in child care, and those whose adult proxy disagreed with "we watch out for each other's children in this neighborhood." The weekday model showed additional differences by sex, with girls more likely to have ≤1 hour of time playing outdoors. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 40% of preschool-aged children play outdoors for ≤1 hour per day on weekdays, with differences by sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics. Further study and interventions focused on building supportive, equitable communities might increase the amount of time preschool-aged children spend playing outdoors.


Asunto(s)
Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Humanos , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , Estados Unidos , Ejercicio Físico , Factores de Tiempo , Salud Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos
8.
Health Place ; 81: 103002, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36966668

RESUMEN

Commercially-available location-based services (LBS) data derived primarily from mobile devices may provide an alternative to surveys for monitoring physically-active transportation. Using Spearman correlation, we compared county-level metrics of walking and bicycling from StreetLight with metrics of physically-active commuting among U.S. workers from the American Community Survey. Our strongest pair of metrics ranked counties (n = 298) similarly for walking (rho = 0.53 [95% CI: 0.44-0.61]) and bicycling (rho = 0.61 [0.53-0.67]). Correlations were higher for denser and more urban counties. LBS data may offer public health and transportation professionals timely information on walking and bicycling behavior at finer geographic scales than some existing surveys.


Asunto(s)
Ciclismo , Caminata , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Transportes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sistemas de Información Geográfica
9.
J Phys Act Health ; 20(8): 742-751, 2023 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37172953

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Assessing awareness and knowledge of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (Guidelines), released in 2018, is important for monitoring factors that contribute to increasing physical activity. METHODS: We estimated prevalence of awareness and knowledge of the adult aerobic guideline (≥150 min/wk of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity preferably spread out over a week) among adults (n = 3471) and of the youth aerobic guideline (≥60 min/d of mostly moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity) among a subset of parents (n = 744) from a nationwide sample of US adults in the 2019 FallStyles survey. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and other characteristics. RESULTS: Approximately 1 in 10 US adults and parents reported being aware of the Guidelines. Only 3% of adults knew the correct adult aerobic guideline. The most common responses were "don't know/not sure" (44%) and "30 minutes a day, 5 or more days a week" (28%). Among parents, 15% knew the youth aerobic guideline. Awareness and knowledge tended to be lower with lower education and income. CONCLUSIONS: Limited awareness and knowledge of the Guidelines suggest communication about the Guidelines could be strengthened, especially among adults with low income or education.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Promoción de la Salud , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pobreza , Escolaridad
10.
MMWR Suppl ; 72(1): 75-83, 2023 Apr 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37104531

RESUMEN

The fall of 2021 was the first school semester to begin with widespread in-person learning since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Understanding dietary and physical activity behaviors of adolescents during this time can provide insight into potential health equity gaps and programmatic needs in schools and communities. This report uses data from the 2021 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of U.S. public and private school students in grades 9-12 to update estimates of dietary and physical activity behaviors among U.S. high school students overall and by sex and race and ethnicity. In addition, 2-year comparisons (2019 versus 2021) of these behaviors were examined. In 2021, daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, and breakfast during the past 7 days remained low and decreased overall with specific disparities by sex and race and ethnicity from 2019 to 2021. The overall prevalence of students attending physical education classes daily, exercising to strengthen muscles on ≥3 days/week (i.e., met the guideline for muscle-strengthening activity), and playing on at least one sports team decreased from 2019 to 2021; whereas being physically active for ≥60 minutes/day on all 7 days (i.e., met the guideline for aerobic activity) and meeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines remained low but did not change. These findings underscore the need for strategies to increase healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors both in the recovery phase of COVID-19 and longer term.


Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , COVID-19 , Humanos , Adolescente , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Ejercicio Físico , Estudiantes , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud
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