[Ploidometric diagnosis of melanocytic skin neoplasms].

Differential diagnostic criteria of the tumors of the melanocytic genesis are established (73 cases). Average ploidy of typical cells of a simple nevus is 2.9 +/- 0.9 c. This increased up to 4.2 +/- 1.8 c. in cells of the dysplastic nevi regardless of the dysplasia degree. Malignant melanomas had mean index of the nuclear ploidy equal to 5.94 +/- 0.23 c.

[Acral melanoma]. / Akral'naia melanoma.

Basing on 18 observations, histological features of malignant melanomas on the soles and the terminal phalanges of the toes were revealed and described in detail. A specific character of melanomas with such localization is evident from the histological pattern and clinical manifestations. It is suggested to distinguish the described acral lentiginous melanoma as a separate clinico-morphologic form of melanoma.

[Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma]. / O spontannoi regressii zlokachestvennoi melanomy.

Malignant melanomas are known to be prone to undergo spontaneous regression (spontaneous resorption). The morphological picture of this process similar to that in spontaneous regressions of nevuses (halo-nevus), pigmentous spots (Dubreille melanosis) and superficially spreading melanoma is described. Six observations of spontaneously regressing melanomas are presented. Resorption of pigmented malignant tumors is similar to radiation resorption of malignant melanomas. It is noted that spontaneous resorption of malignant melanomas does not improve their prognosis.

[The current statistical structure of the autopsy and biopsy material incoming per pathologist]. / Sovremennaia statisticheskaia struktura sektsionnogo i biopsiinogo materiala, prikhodiashchegosia na vracha-patologoanatoma.

A statistical analysis of 431 records with the information concerning the work of a pathologist in the regional, republican, city and central hospitals and in the oncological dispensaries during one year is performed. The structure of the necropsy and biopsy material according to the nosology in the above hospitals is described.

[Morphologic diagnosis of myogenous uterine tumors]. / Ob"ektivizatsiia morfologicheskoi diagnostiki miogennykh opukholei matki.

102 myogenous tumours and 12 unchanged areas of the uterine wall were studied histologically, morphometrically, stereometrically, microspectrophotometrically and electron microscopically. The differential-diagnostic importance of the mitotic activity, nuclear DNA content, volume proportion of the myofibrillar material in comparison with the cell density and volume proportion of nuclei is shown.

[Lentiginous melanocytic dysplasia as a precursor of malignant melanoma]. / Lentiginoznaia melanotsitarnaia displaziia kak predshestvennik razvitiia zlokachestvennoi melanomy.

Precursors of malignant melanoma are special pigment spots characterized by proliferation of atypical melanocytes accompanied by reactive lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the derma designated as lentiginous melanocytic dysplasia (LMD), a variant of Dubreuilh melanosis. The material of the study of 53 cases of LMD and the time course of its progress suggest LMD to be not a distinct nosological entity but the beginning of the development of malignant melanoma.

[Secretion of immunoglobulins in malignant melanoma of the skin]. / Sekretsiia immunoglobulinov pri zlokachestvennoi melanome kozhi.

The study was concerned with the dynamics of correlations between IgA, IgM and IgG levels involved in pigmented neoplasm development in 154 cancer patients and 75 healthy subjects. The dynamics was found to represent stages of tumor development rather than changes in absolute indexes of serum immunoglobulin concentrations. The nature of changes in the structure of correlations suggested a possible switch from IgM to IgG and IgM to IgA secretion, i.e. disturbances in B-lymphocyte differentiation. Said changes were observed at a certain stage of melanoma progression, namely, during metastatic spreading.

[Morphological changes in laryngeal cancer after preoperative radiation treatment under different oxygen regimens]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia raka gortani posle predoperatsionnogo luchevogo lecheniia v usloviiakh razlichnogo kislorodnogo rezhima.

A comparative histological investigation of laryngeal cancer following preoperative irradiation in high pressure oxygenation chamber and under standard conditions established a relatively higher effectiveness of the former procedure. In the zone of exposure, foci of "continued" growth attributed by the authors to the clonal composition to tumor as well as foci of "newly-developed" carcinoma in situ accounted for by multicentricity of cancer in the larynx were observed against the background of highly-pronounced radiation injuries. Discrepancies in evaluating the effectiveness of radiation treatment in clinic and by histological procedures were established: an unjustified clinical diagnosis of malignancy in cases of "dead" tumor proved to be as high as 38%.

[Function-sparing surgery of laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy]. / O funktsional'no-shchadiashchei khirurgii raka gortani posle luchevoi terapii.

Economical sparing surgery following radiation treatment was carried out in 284 cases of laryngeal cancer. Application of a complex of diagnostic procedures for determining tumor boundaries before and during surgery as well as some improved preoperative radiation treatment (irradiation in a high-pressure oxygen chamber) and surgical methods showed that sparing surgery gives good results, as far as function of the treated organ and patient's survival are concerned.

[Computer-assisted microtelephotometric study of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine in patients with chronic nonspecific colitis]. / Komp'iuternoe mikrotelefotometricheskoe issledovanie displazii i adenokartsinomy tolstoi kishki u bol'nykh khronicheskim nespetsificheskim kolitom.

Computer-aided microtelephotometry showed that the mean size of the nuclei gradually increases and their shape changes, and the total content of Feulgen DNA increases in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis in proportion to the severity of dysplasia and malignant degeneration of the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine. In first-degree dysplasia the value os 2.8, in second degree 5.0, in third degree 6.9; in cribriform structures of adenocarcinoma 8.6, in poorly differentiated cancer cells 10.9, and in highly polymorphous sites of adenocarcinoma as high as 20. Mathematical expression of different degree of dysplasia and of adenocarcinoma of the large intestine will no doubt facilitate the differential diagnosis of these processes and help universally assess them. A new technology of histocytological investigations - computer-aided microtelephotometry - permits the use of all types of telecommunications for consultations to be carried out all over the country.