[Cavernous hemangiomas of the skin of the face and neck and the oral soft tissues].

The structure, clinical manifestations, behavior of cavernous hemangomas of the skin of the face and neck, and the oral soft tissues were studied, by using biopsy specimens from 229 patients. Three types of cavernous hemagiomas of these areas were identified. Their preferred treatments were defined and pathogenetically warranted.

[Status and prospects for the development of a pathology service in the Russian Federation]. / O sostoianii i perspektivakh razvitiia patologoanatomicheskoi sluzhby Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

General crisis in the country exerts a negative influence on the pathology service in Russian Federation. There is a lack of pathologists--only 58.6% of the vacancies were filled in 1989. About 17% of the buildings are in need of emergency repairs, 30% require major repairs. The supply of microscopes, instruments, reagents, etc., is unsatisfactory. The number of autopsies in the hospitals decreased by 19.4% in 1989 compared to 1986. Centralization of the pathology service is a positive element, and 22 bureaus of pathology functioned in Russian Federation in 1989. Transition to the market economy will place new problems concerning skilled staff, modern equipment and finances.

[The status and outlook of the training of pathologists in the RSFSR]. / Sostoianie i perspektivy podgotovki kadrov vrachei-patologoanatomov v RSFSR.

Pathology service in the RSFSR suffers, at present, from the lack of pathologists: only 2393 (57.3%) of 4174 positions are occupied. Particularly difficult is the situation in Eastern Siberia and Moscow where only 47.7 and 48.6% positions, respectively, are covered. Lack of professional pathologists is aggravated by an artificial decrease of positions number as compared to real need, by the increase of proportion of persons retired or those having a preretirement age (30%), by a high percentage (over 30% of positions) of persons experiencing pathology as a second profession (65% of them do not have a sufficient knowledge and practice in pathology), by a low level of medical education in general and nonsufficient promotion of pathologists (only 39.3% pathologists have attestation categories). To solve the crisis the RSFSR Ministry of Health started in 1988/89 4-year training of pathologists at the pathology chairs of the RSFSR Medical Institutes: subinternship (1 year), internship (1 year), clinical internship (2 years). The realization of this program will result in turning out of 724 pathologists by 1994. The progress in pathologists training will require the improvement of technical basis of pathology chairs and departments and solution of certain organizational problems.

[Structure of connective tissue in inflammatory-sclerotic processes in the periodontium]. / Osobennosti stroeniia soedinitel'noi tkani pri vospalitel'no-scleroticheskikh protsessakh v periodonte.

Two main types of extracellular matrix distribution was distinguished on the basis of immunohistochemistry of the periodontium connective tissue in various inflammatory-sclerotic processes. The 1st type was characterized by a significant reduction of interstitial collagen, moderate content of type V collagen and high content of fibronectin (in case of the exacerbation). The 2nd type was characterized by a high content of type V collagen, increased content of interstitial collagen and moderate amount of fibronectin (in case of reparative sclerosis). An inversion of the relation between the I and III collagen types in favour of the latter, high level of type V collagen and permanent presence of fibronectin were characteristic for the scar tissue. These properties of scar connective tissue indicate its immaturity and permanent activity.

[Phenotypic characterization of cells and structure of the extracellular matrix in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands]. / Fenotipicheskie kharakteristiki kletok i stroenie ékstratselliuliarnogo matriksa v pleomorfnoi adenome sliunnykh zhelez.

Phenotypic characteristics of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) of 14 salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas were studied by indirect immunofluorescence. All cells in the epithelial structures expressed cytokeratin 8, the majority of cells produced vimentin, laminin and IV type collagen. Cells of myxoid areas expressed vimentin: type IV collagen was observed in the form of fibrillar structures. Fibrous areas were characterized by vimentin and cytokeratin 8 expression; types I, III, IV collagens and fibronectin with ED-A sequence were present in ECM. Terms "epithelial structures", "epithelial" and "myoepithelial" cells in relation to pleomorphic adenoma may be used only relatively as it is mainly represented by cells with features of both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype. Characteristics of ECM synthesized in various structures of pleomorphic adenoma may serve an additional criterion of cell transformation.

[Morphological study of histiocytosis from Langerhans cells in jaw bones]. / Rezul'taty morfologicheskogo issledovaniia gistiotsitoza iz kletok Langergansa v cheliustnykh kostiakh.

Histiocytosis of the jaws in biopsies from 17 patients aged 19 to 51 years were studied at light and electron microscopy level. Birbek's bodies were found in Langerhans cells in all the biopsies confirming the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytoma. The structure of Birbek's bodies changed depending on the treatment--radiation or chemotherapy.

[Morphologic studies of bronchial biopsies in chronic bronchitis before and after treatment]. / Morfologicheskie issledovaniia bronkhial'nykh bioptatov pri khronicheskom bronkhite do i posle lecheniia.

Bronchial biopsies in patients with chronic bronchitis were studied histochemically, light and electron microscopically before and after conventional treatment and combined therapy (standard regimen plus He-Ne laser puncture). The conclusion is made that the combined therapy is more effective especially at early stages of the disease when irreversible sclerotic changes in the submucosa and microcirculatory bed are absent. This therapy at early stages of the disease stimulates regeneration of the surface bronchial epithelium and facilitates reversibility of initial metaplasia.

[The active detection of tumors of the large intestine by using automated screening]. / Aktivnoe vyiavlenie opukholei tolstoi kishki s ispol'zovaniem avtomatizirovannogo skrininga.

A system for automated screening for early detection of proctologic pathologies is described. Questionnaire-based data, formation of high risk groups using a computer and results of examination of 1660 office and professional workers of an industrial enterprise according to a given program are discussed. After filled questionnaires had been processed using a computer, 134 (8%) subjects were selected to group 1, 454 (27%) subjects-to group 2, 383 (23%) subjects-group 3 and 689 (42%) subjects-to group 4. Proctologic pathologies were detected in all persons of group 1, 83% of those in group 2 and in 30% cases of group 3. Asymptomatic proctologic pathology was established in 630 (37.8%) screenees of whom 10 revealed large bowel tumors, 5 early cancers included, whereas 49-large bowel polyps.

[Organization of the active detection of pretumorous and tumorous diseases of the stomach using primary automated screening and fiber gastroscopy]. / Organizatsiia aktivnofo vyiavleniia predopukholevykh i opukholevykh zabolevanii zheludka s ispol'zovaniem pervichnogo avtomatizirovannogo skrininga i fibrogastroskopii.

The report discusses a computerized system of early detection of gastrointestinal diseases and risk group formation using special formalized questionnaires to be filled by industrial enterprise personnel. Endoscopic examination of 1,240 followed-up patients detected stomach cancer in 32 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--195, gastric polyps--37 and various forms of gastritis--in 766 cases. As a result of a computerized processing of the questionnaire-based data, 1,084 subjects were referred to group I. An endoscopic examination of this group carried out at a plant's medical station identified stomach cancer in 13 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--110, gastric polyp--46 and various forms of gastritis--in 803 cases.

[Subtotal vital pulp extirpation using different medical preparations (experimental morphological research)]. / Subtotal'naia vital'naia ékstirpatsiia pul'py s primeneniem razlichnykh lechebnykh preparatov (éksperimental'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

Pulp stump and periapical tissue reaction to root canal filling with material containing calcium hydroxide and potassium nitrate after subtotal vital extirpation of the pulp was studied in 12 teeth of 6 green monkeys. Use of the material containing potassium nitrate was found to result on the 90th day of the experiment in the formation of a biologic barrier of secondary cement at the dental root apex. Such result was not achieved with calcium hydroxide-containing material. Other advantages of potassium nitrate-containing material were detected, consisting in a more rapid recovery of structural shifts in the pulp stump and periapical tissues.

[The role of associative opportunistic flora in the development of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area]. / Rol' assotsiativnoi uslovno-patogennoi flory v razvitii odontogennykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Morphologic and microbiologic study of the operation and biopsy specimens, obtained from 73 patients with odontogenic inflammatory processes has shown that in 38% of cases the inflammation was induced by mixed fungal and bacterial flora. Associations of staphylococci or streptococci with actinomyces, Candida, Penicillium, Rhodotorula were most frequently isolated. As a rule, weak patients developed odontogenic inflammatory processes with mycotic involvement, these processes often taking a chronic course. Qualitative composition of the fungal-and-bacterial associations should be borne in mind when planning therapeutic measures for such patients.

[A morphological basis for the levels of pulp extirpation and root c anal obturation (experimental morphological research)]. / Morfologicheskoe obosnovanie urovnei ékstirpatsii pul'py i plombirovaniia kornevogo kanala (éksperimental'no-morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

Periapical tissue reaction to root canal filling with zinc-eugenol paste (complete or incomplete filling) was studied in 15 teeth of 5 mongrel dogs after total or subtotal pulp extirpation. Inflammatory reaction developed in all the cases. It was more intensive in cases with total extirpation of the pulp followed by complete or incomplete filling of the root canal than after subtotal extirpation of the pulp followed by root canal filling 1-2 mm below the anatomical apical foramen.

[Structural changes in the collagen fibers of the connective tissue in chronic inflammation in the periodontium]. / Izmeneniia stroeniia kollagenovykh volokon soedinitel'noi tkani pri khronicheskom vospalenii v periodonte.

Data of examinations of the periodontium during chronic inflammations are analyzed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the connective-tissue cicatrix forming in the course of reparative regeneration of the periodontium is immature and incapable of performing mechanical functions. The authors suggest that the above regeneration abnormalities lead to a relapsing occlusion injury of the periodontium and progress of the inflammatory sclerotic process. Perspective trends of the patho- and morphogenetic research of chronic periodontitis are outlined, as are the probable theoretical approaches to development of methods for correction of such abnormalities.

[The use of tricalcium phosphate in the vital subtotal extirpation of the pulp]. / Primenenie trikal'tsiifosfata pri vital'noi subtotal'noi ékstirpatsii pul'py.

The authors have proved the desirability of vital subtotal extirpation of the pulp in experiments and clinically. Exposure to tricalcium phosphate transformed the terminal portion of the root pulp into osseocement biologic filling, obturated the apical opening and thus prevented the inflammation in the periodontium and protected it from pathologic exposures.

[Bone tissue morphological structure in congenital deformations of the jaws]. / Gistostruktura kostnoi tkani pri vrozhdennykh deformatsiiakh cheliustei.

Morphological structure of bone tissue was studied in various types of congenital deformations of the jaws. Morphological changes in the bone with deformations and the severity of these disorders depended not so much on the type on the deformation, but mainly on its severity, which can be explained by a drastic increase of functional exercise because of impaired occlusion and impossibility of proper chewing. Decelerated weak restructuring of bone tissue and imperfect osteogenesis in deformed bone, similar in various types of deformations, were demonstrated on morphological material. These changes can affect the regenerative potential of the bone in operated zones.

[The possibilities for 2-stage instrumental screening in the detection of thyroid diseases in an endemic focus]. / Vozmozhnosti dvukhétapnogo instrumental'nogo skrininga v vyiavlenii zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy v éndemicheskom ochage.

The approbation and comparative assessment of the methods of early active detection of thyroid diseases were performed among the population of the endemic region. The ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland is thought to be the most effective method at the first stage of the screening examination since it is very exact (98%), specific (99%) and sensitive (99%) when detecting both diffuse and nodular alterations of the organ. The possibility to combine the ultrasound examination with the thin-needle aspiration puncture biopsy allows not only to detect the patients and form the groups of risk of probable diseases, but also to make the diagnosis and determine the methods of treatment during the mass examination.