Parental views and the key role of nurses for high vaccine acceptance in Sweden - a focus group study.

BACKGROUND: In Sweden, vaccine uptake is exceptionally high due to an efficient child immunization program. More than 97% of Swedish children were vaccinated at child health care centers (CHCs) according to the schedule at 2 years of age in 2021. From the age of 6 years, vaccinations are given within the school health care. Maintaining high vaccination coverage over time is one of the central motives to explore and understand drivers for vaccine acceptance. The current study aimed to assess parental vaccine acceptance concerning the national immunization program and explore factors contributing to the high vaccine acceptance in Sweden. METHODS: Parents of children aged 1-2 years and 8-12 years were recruited through purposive sampling and asked to participate in focus groups held in three cities in Sweden, in February and March 2019. In total, 47 parents participated in two focus groups per city, one session for parents of younger (1-2 years) and older (8-12 years) children respectively. The focus group discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Parents of children aged 1-2 years expressed the themes; strong compliance to and protection of the value of vaccinations; parents feel safe with an attentive relationship with their nurse; the spectrum of communication needs is essential to meet. For parents to children aged 8-12 years, the themes expressed were; vaccinate to do good for the individual and society; a foundation of trust is built at CHCs for decisions later on; decisions for vaccination become more complex as children get older; communication changes as children get older and need to be explicit and tailored to the situation. CONCLUSION: Both individual and societal perspectives were shown to influence the vaccination decision for childhood immunizations, as manifested in parental reflections and experiences. As nurses have a key role, it is important to provide them with continued support and tools to facilitate their support for parents in making informed decisions. Continuous work for supporting driving factors for vaccination over time is needed to maintain high vaccine acceptance in Sweden.

National Swedish survey showed that child health services and routine immunisation programmes were resilient during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: Routine immunisation programmes are at risk of disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the resilience of the Swedish national immunisation programme for children up to the age of five years during the early stages of the pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of regional child health offices in Sweden between 10 September and 9 October 2020. It explored the organisation of child health services during the early stages of the pandemic, focusing on routine child immunisation. RESULTS: All 21 Swedish regional child health offices responded. They stated that child immunisation had been prioritised, communication with families had been intensified and there was greater flexibility at all organisational levels of child health services. In addition, the vaccine supply was sustained and child health centres remained open. However, there were periodic staff shortages, increased numbers of health visits cancelled by parents and most parent education groups were paused. CONCLUSION: The Swedish immunisation programme was resilient during the early COVID-19 pandemic, thanks to sustainable organisation co-ordinated by Sweden's network of regional child health offices.

Children's and parents' attitudes to and knowledge about HPV vaccination following a targeted information intervention.

The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish children's and parents' attitudes and knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination a year after gender-neutral HPV vaccination was introduced in Sweden's national immunization program (NIP). Additional information about HPV and vaccine was provided in the extended immunazation program. In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School Health Services responded to a web-based survey. Results showed that half of the children and about a third of the parents received additional Public Health Agency information about HPV vaccination, and a majority were satisfied. Parents considered HPV vaccination being important for their children's health, and both children and parents considered it important to vaccinate all genders against HPV. Both children and parents rated school nurses as most reliable source of HPV vaccination information. Teachers were also a common source of HPV and HPV vaccination information for children. Further research among teachers in Sweden is needed to explore their knowledge and abilities to inform students and parents about HPV and vaccination.